tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-343802252024-03-07T18:11:46.146-08:00Human CreationRead the story of human creation and emergence of civilization in the posts of this blog and add your opinions to the story. Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.comBlogger37125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-8976174139249217802016-08-27T03:22:00.003-07:002016-08-27T03:24:51.319-07:00The Proxima Hypothesis – Life Around Every Star<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1sq3gwzGNiOsPADLqI3NbUmNhHPZZF2AYCRLs-fbK4IeLZxSMHcW_8AkZeCWchuLw8C8p-RJYSufbKyJP7qXrJ4yiBSNSgveSDcdYMGtwHGwbkgFpGOrYn7VgPJG3IEY7Tmo6/s1600/potw1343a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1sq3gwzGNiOsPADLqI3NbUmNhHPZZF2AYCRLs-fbK4IeLZxSMHcW_8AkZeCWchuLw8C8p-RJYSufbKyJP7qXrJ4yiBSNSgveSDcdYMGtwHGwbkgFpGOrYn7VgPJG3IEY7Tmo6/s1600/potw1343a.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubbles-new-shot-of-proxima-centauri-our-nearest-neighbor/">https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubbles-new-shot-of-proxima-centauri-our-nearest-neighbor/</a></td></tr>
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Proxima Centauri is a small red dwarf star located just 4.25
light years away. It is slightly closer to Earth than the famous binary pair of
Alpha Centauri A and B. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is an
exciting new discovery of a planet around it called <i><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Proxima B with a</span> </i>mass of roughly
1.3 times that of Earth. It exists in a temperature zone that has possibility of
liquid water on it. <i><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">See this report:</span></i></div>
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<a href="http://gizmodo.com/watch-live-meet-proxima-centauri-home-to-our-newest-e-1785821939">http://gizmodo.com/watch-live-meet-proxima-centauri-home-to-our-newest-e-1785821939</a></div>
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<br /></div>
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Earliest posts of this blog have described how, if,
temperatures are right for water to exist on a planet, life emerges
automatically given enough time. Even the presence of water and oxygen is not
necessary to begin with since cyano bacteria can create it before oxygen
breathing life emerges. The mechanisms as proposed were an extension of the Panspermia
hypothesis and it was dubbed as Pansemeria.</div>
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A new hypothesis is now proposed based largely
on an intuitive deduction that is not possible to delineate here, </div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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“Every star in the universe in its prime has at least one planet
that exists in a temperature zone to permit existence of liquid water and it is
likely that life exists, albeit merely bacterial one, around every star in the
universe during its prime.”</div>
</blockquote>
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<br /></div>
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The prime of a star implies the stages after birth of a star
and before it begins to die. The precise mechanism for this hypothesis is
not<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>known but the proposal is that it is
inherent in the very mechanism that creates stars. If this hypothesis be true,
then discovery of Proxima B is not at all surprising and many more such shall
be made with time. The presence of life however does not imply advanced life
necessarily. It may be merely at the bacterial level or it may be advanced
depending upon the life of the planet and its precise circumstances. The author
has interests in both physical sciences as well spiritual ones and the
intuitive part is a consequence of the latter.</div>
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Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-88556801918068862872016-04-08T22:55:00.001-07:002017-03-14T05:12:28.139-07:00From Birth to Bliss – The Human Journey<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/NaturePicturez/status/646708288315256832/photo/1">https://twitter.com/NaturePicturez/status/646708288315256832/photo/1</a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #7f6000;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1.</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Light</b></span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Light is the
original form of energy, others such as heat and mechanical energy are
different forms of it. Matter is a concentrated form of energy.
That is why such huge amounts are released in a nuclear explosion.
</span>Creation begins with creation of photons, the fundamental
particles of light. Basic elements of our universe are created out of these
particles. Planets emerge by matter coalescing together in clumps. The early atmosphere of planets is gases such
as hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
As life begins to emerge, light is required by the most
basic of life forms – Cyano Bacteria. With the help of light they produce
oxygen along with water. The latter is produced by a combination of oxygen with
other gases such as methane and hydrogen. Oxygen breathing life forms may then
emerge. A plausible scenario for this creation and also how higher life forms
evolve starting from single cell ones is described in the earliest posts of
this blog while later posts describe the development of the earliest
civilizations from a unique and original perspective not found in most other
literature on the topic. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Light is required directly not only by basic life forms but
also higher ones including humans for sustenance. Modern humans that live in
crowded homes of crowded cities miss out on sunshine and good health. It is not
just Vitamin D that is produced in human bodies with light but also a series of
hormones required to function are triggered by the presence or absence of
light.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #7f6000;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">2.</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Survive</b></span><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuTHUxilaXIVBnKud31R8xJ7gawgznaVRgtFzwyz3k5rLGZcFlu1qExRq8qFBiBaxzjzbk0OvWzHzE3IhWW6N8tJqRs5XXT5TSWBycR77RxxDcTWbdurt6mlDOhP6sa_Dq9HVG/s1600/800px-Old_growth_forest_scenic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuTHUxilaXIVBnKud31R8xJ7gawgznaVRgtFzwyz3k5rLGZcFlu1qExRq8qFBiBaxzjzbk0OvWzHzE3IhWW6N8tJqRs5XXT5TSWBycR77RxxDcTWbdurt6mlDOhP6sa_Dq9HVG/s1600/800px-Old_growth_forest_scenic.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_growth_forest_scenic.jpg"><span style="color: #0b5394;">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_growth_forest_scenic.jpg</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
All life forms once created require air, water and food to
survive. It is necessary that humans do not destroy the environment that
provides these basic needs. Modern humans have destroyed many trees and forests
on the planet and face a disaster. However, if all active adult humans planted
two trees a year, one of food, then climate change can be reversed and food
shortages vanish. However, since all humans will not do it, governments can make up for them through afforestation programs. The climate shall be improved by planting more trees and
eliminating pollution of air, water and land not through deals such as COP21.
This latter is just some of the stuff that politicians, NGOs etc, release from
time to time in order to appease other gullible humans often for their steaks
and wine, at least as far as this author has been able to make out.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #7f6000;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">3.</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span>Thrive</b></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ELD6HTKzjWUthTsPV8af6sD0PSFNvYuAYWZoJcvyIPAVVBr4OeSJftXiWk-W1EsI-FBtz789PReHXwIEO6KW5kDeEOLZ4rIBuGSvBeF9uoQt6BL2iO2t0IPwOAwtfQmGQE5X/s1600/humans2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ELD6HTKzjWUthTsPV8af6sD0PSFNvYuAYWZoJcvyIPAVVBr4OeSJftXiWk-W1EsI-FBtz789PReHXwIEO6KW5kDeEOLZ4rIBuGSvBeF9uoQt6BL2iO2t0IPwOAwtfQmGQE5X/s1600/humans2.jpg" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
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Once a life form has found basics for survival it needs love
to thrive and the absence of its opposite – violence. We all know that higher
life forms such as humans require love and care of a mother soon after birth in
order to survive but few realize that even bacteria need love. Bacteria have a
simple unprotected genetic structure that can be easily destroyed by numerous
toxins that exist in the environment, unless they develop immunity against
them. Their simple structures enable bacteria to develop immunity rapidly. These
immunity are then shared with other bacteria. Bacteria do not require sex to
reproduce. They can multiply on their own by duplication but they require sex
to share immunity. An early article on bacteria in this blog describes in
more detail how this occurs.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Life requires a reasonable absence of violence in order to
thrive. If humans begin to kill each other as they are doing in Syria right now,
they can destroy each other rapidly. The foolish leader of Syria refusing to step aside and in order
to control a rebellion began to destroy his cities with bombs instead of using
his police and army to control the protest on ground as others do, like a small
spoiled child who destroys his toys when angered. He has destroyed much of his country
at the time of this writing.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Aside from humans, there is also violence from animals,
insects, bacteria and viruses. Humans can protect themselves to a great extent
from bacteria and viruses through cleanliness and hygiene but if they begin to
pour their shit as well the shit (waste) of industry into their environment, rivers
and water bodies as they are doing in many countries right now they shall suffer
from diseases, ill health and a high level of infant mortality.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Similarly, filling the air with machine farts (emissions of vehicles
and power plants), pollutes the air and while this kills many humans, those
that survive miss out on good health and vitality that Universe and Mother Earth
intended for them. Earth has designed natural mechanisms to take care of cow
and human farts but it is unable to deal with those from unnatural sources such
as industries and automation.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #7f6000;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">4.</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span>Develop</b></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dxNVjFtby2-AIJVlJ0WBB4UgUmz4dABgYcqet6XOQ9Q7pNe7g-Xs1Dd4hVURsq94OZYjQjhIRrMfYJh6kf8V_ywmQlAQl_wS2b7_KAkmdq8KpOaRyDcGvDw0rnmzatNnusBz/s1600/CM08hATWsAAX-Nj.jpg%252Blarge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dxNVjFtby2-AIJVlJ0WBB4UgUmz4dABgYcqet6XOQ9Q7pNe7g-Xs1Dd4hVURsq94OZYjQjhIRrMfYJh6kf8V_ywmQlAQl_wS2b7_KAkmdq8KpOaRyDcGvDw0rnmzatNnusBz/s1600/CM08hATWsAAX-Nj.jpg%252Blarge.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://twitter.com/BEAUTIFULPlCS/status/634229660528869376/photo/1">https://twitter.com/BEAUTIFULPlCS/status/634229660528869376/photo/1</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
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The requirements as described so far are sufficient for
insect and animal life to survive and thrive and even humans if they wish to
survive in a manner similar to lower animals. They do so in some primitive
parts of the world even today. However through an organized society, humans can
get far ahead of lower animals. With their nimble fingers, versatile vocal
chords and intelligence, humans are capable of much more. This requires a
governance structure for society that is efficient and reasonably free of
corruption because corruption is the loot of people under the guise of
governance. A system of corruption free and efficient laws, order and justice
is a part of the governing structure of society.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Also needed are other things in keeping with the stage of
development of human civilization such as education, health services, electricity
and water supply, roads and transport, electronic communications and the infrastructure
for it. The better a human society gets at these things, the more developed it
becomes. A measure of efficiency is order in space and time and the level of it
can be assessed very quickly in any country by seeing the condition of traffic
on its urban roads and punctuality or lack of it in its various activities</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #7f6000;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">5.</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Evolve</b></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX-1JKoE4IFLlvw-HIgVLvUVJPVzj1rSsh05Y1KkUfcX5eXmoeJoBz6HIic2_ccQ1tOhNcC8LdP65ucyrlphNiPsBVC0XX2S7l2ARGTYbrzwbXyj7yYTBIocAFuC9rY69NbAqv/s1600/Buddha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX-1JKoE4IFLlvw-HIgVLvUVJPVzj1rSsh05Y1KkUfcX5eXmoeJoBz6HIic2_ccQ1tOhNcC8LdP65ucyrlphNiPsBVC0XX2S7l2ARGTYbrzwbXyj7yYTBIocAFuC9rY69NbAqv/s1600/Buddha.jpg" /></a></div>
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Once a society has developed and met the first four requirements
as described here to a reasonable extent, it may achieve peace and prosperity.
However this does not guarantee evolution and attainment of higher values such
as happiness, beauty and bliss. It is because of this that even some of the
most developed societies on the planet are also full of most stress. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
What is required is not just moral and ethical behavior
charged with love and truth but also attempts at self/spiritual development
through techniques such as yoga, meditation, focus, service, communing with
nature, universe etc if humans are to evolve and attain happiness. A companion
blog by this author has several simple and interesting articles in small bytes
on this last requirement of evolving humans. It can be found at the following
link</div>
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<a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.com/">http://someitemshave.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvwsuJoc8wDSR3Z0Npa2yiZ9Q3iDe-NFLn_K5AGebb4MUw6LBrCsljoH9wI0F0lTKJkMs_q7JgsVUQVdxO6KoERm7qfMudqX0qdvkCOvnQkhN_VwhCnx-tVNwrTyafsKwtu_mG/s1600/Cfn0RLWW8AIDw57.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvwsuJoc8wDSR3Z0Npa2yiZ9Q3iDe-NFLn_K5AGebb4MUw6LBrCsljoH9wI0F0lTKJkMs_q7JgsVUQVdxO6KoERm7qfMudqX0qdvkCOvnQkhN_VwhCnx-tVNwrTyafsKwtu_mG/s400/Cfn0RLWW8AIDw57.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"When humanity measures wealth by love, truth and wisdom, we shall all be happy" <a href="https://twitter.com/ramblingsloa/status/718874206583308289">https://twitter.com/ramblingsloa/status/718874206583308289</a></td></tr>
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Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-22558813641481076702015-10-29T05:02:00.001-07:002015-10-29T21:47:55.935-07:00How Comets carry seeds of life across space<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-oxygen-rosetta-comet-20151027-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-oxygen-rosetta-comet-20151027-story.html</a></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">E</span></span>arlier posts in this blog have postulated that life does
not exist just on earth but is rather widespread across the universe albeit in
planets too far from each other to make contact, it further postulated that
life spreads across space through comets as bacteria and viruses, the only form
of life that may survive as frozen life in the long journey from one planet to
another and that comets may be formed as fragments of life bearing planets.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Once such bacteria arrive on a planet that has sunlight,
temperatures in the appropriate range and gravity enough to hold an atmosphere etc. for life to exist, then life begins to
unfold slowly on the planet over billions of years. True such planets would be rare but seeing that the universe is a virtual infinity of stars they are likely to be many. The earlier articles were written
more than eight years ago and can be found as early posts in this blog. Just check out the archives in the left sidebar. Since then
new discoveries have substantiated this theory and none has gone against it.
The most recent is discoveries of the Rosetta mission. It has found oxygen,
water and carbon on the comet, all indicating that this is a fragment of a planet
that had life on it.</div>
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<a href="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-oxygen-rosetta-comet-20151027-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-oxygen-rosetta-comet-20151027-story.html</a></div>
<br />
<br /> Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-69896390762332261682015-08-14T00:19:00.001-07:002015-09-10T04:22:42.364-07:00How The Ice Age gave birth to Human Civilization<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGytxJKBDclsYJKjGDmzbT9YAbd8AbITynTmo-kYdnPbaxGGeuFuOKm6qJh0M2w0MvZmqYAnvUJQfcM2mMrQdUeXLXnR2_N2tolW7gA7cUAOMkE3jeliOkSk-QJJv-sjrzQBIS/s1600/800px-Angkor-Wat-from-the-air.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGytxJKBDclsYJKjGDmzbT9YAbd8AbITynTmo-kYdnPbaxGGeuFuOKm6qJh0M2w0MvZmqYAnvUJQfcM2mMrQdUeXLXnR2_N2tolW7gA7cUAOMkE3jeliOkSk-QJJv-sjrzQBIS/s1600/800px-Angkor-Wat-from-the-air.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image Source: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angkor-Wat-from-the-air.JPG">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angkor-Wat-from-the-air.JPG</a></td></tr>
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Everyone knows of annual variations that take place as the
Earth orbits around the Sun. However there are other much longer duration
variations that also take place. As the Earth spins around its axis and orbits
around the Sun, several other periodic variations occur. Milankovitch, a Russian
Scientist, studied some of these changes in Earth's movements and described what
are known as Milkanovitch Cycles. Such changes in movement and orientation
alter the amount and location of solar radiation reaching the Earth and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>are a cause of various ice ages and variations
within the ice ages that the planet has witnessed in the past. There are other
factors that also contribute to the occurrence of such major climatic changes. </div>
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<br /></div>
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There have been at least five ice ages in the past and
presently we live in a relatively warm portion of an ice age that is currently on. That is
why the polar ice sheets still exist. Some say that this will end after 50,000
years while a recent research study says it shall be as soon as 2030.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because these changes are a result of cycles, they do not take place suddenly but rather slowly as the seasons change, but in this case over centuries rather than days. If the latest theory backed by impressive scientific evidence (<a href="http://www.sciencealert.com/a-mini-ice-age-is-coming-in-the-next-15-years">see here</a>), about the end of inter glacial is true then a slow cooling period will begin on the planet in 2030.</div>
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The current Ice Age started around two and a half million years ago. it is only in the relatively recent portion of this ice age that animals like apes evolved into humans and began to spread across the world.
Since the ice age began, the world has seen cycles of glaciations with ice sheets advancing
and retreating on 40,000 to 100,000 year time scales called glacial periods
(cold). The earth is currently in an interglacial (warm period) after the last glacial
period ended about 11000 years ago. All that remains of the continental ice
sheets are now confined to Polar Regions because of this temporary warming.<br />
<br />
A northward movement, as far north as Turkey may have begun soon after the end of the glacial period as ancient archeological discoveries reveal. For example see,<br />
<a href="http://www.disclose.tv/news/gbekli_tepe_at_least_7000_years_older_than_stonehenge/120465">http://www.disclose.tv/news/gbekli_tepe_at_least_7000_years_older_than_stonehenge/120465 </a></div>
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During the cold periods, sea levels fall and coastal regions
are exposed while most regions around the north and south freeze up. Regions
around the equators remain green and habitable. Any life on the planet that
can gradually move over to these equatorial regions survives the freezing cold
by escaping from regions where life becomes nearly impossible as in the arctic regions now.</div>
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<br /></div>
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It seems that many humans and animals from Europe and Central Asia would have moved first to warmer South Asia and then gradually to the southern tips of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>South
Asia as the cold advanced, simply because that is a region closest to the equator in the old world of
Asia and Europe connected with the continents by land. At that time, far more
land area was exposed than now because the sea levels had fallen. During the glacial period crossing the Himalayas would have been impossible by migrants because of ice sheets covering the passes. However, coastal routes would have become easier and wider with the sea receding and it is these routes the early migrants and even animals are likely to have followed.<br />
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2yrCSDSswKFPKO-OHeY9_dOJYyCysg_w1w1sUEuldlybhQv78I2iLCOVdMpQiJAydx-ADqc838diQUt_rF1eA608qEOfg9PHLM32iiIG9F51tl6O50z8E7Z3Ca1K85DK9dD3O/s1600/Winkel_triple_projection_SW.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2yrCSDSswKFPKO-OHeY9_dOJYyCysg_w1w1sUEuldlybhQv78I2iLCOVdMpQiJAydx-ADqc838diQUt_rF1eA608qEOfg9PHLM32iiIG9F51tl6O50z8E7Z3Ca1K85DK9dD3O/s1600/Winkel_triple_projection_SW.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An estimate of the most habitable parts of the world during glacial portions of the ice age</td></tr>
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It seems the language spoken by such migrating humans to South Asia would
have been early forms of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indo-European
languages and the complexion of these humans fair. In southern India these Indo-European humans would have
encountered a darker human Australoid race that was already settled there as
has been established by modern DNA mapping and out of Africa
theories. These persons would have spoken early forms of Australoid languages
that towards the end of the glacial period seems to have evolved into early
forms of what are known as Dravidian languages with ancient Tamil being the
most prominent of them.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The intermixture of races and cultures that took place seems
to have led to the emergence of earliest organized human civilization towards
the end of the last glacial period in these southern coastal regions around
10,000 to 11000 years ago. The prominent racial quality appears to have been Australoid
and the language an early form of Tamil although mixtures with fairer Indo
European races and languages would have existed within it. This mixture
continues up to present times.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
As the interglacial period began and sea level began to
rise, coastal regions began to get submerged once more. Ancient Tamil records have stories of this successive submergence of southern coastal cities. Simultaneously ice sheets
began to melt in the North and thus began a movement of people northwards
again. The most civilized of these early Tamil people, when they reached
northern regions of Indus Valley, Elam and Sumer became the rulers, at first
over people who spoke a different language and were fairer. In Indus valley they were the Indo European people who
arrived there earlier speaking early forms of Sanskrit. In Sumer it was
the Akkadians. It has now been shown that Sumerian and Elam languages were early
versions of the Australoid Tamil and the rulers a dark race. Similarly in early
mythological stories of Indus region, the rulers and godly kings such as Krishna and Rama are dark personalities while the
population is fair in the majority. Over time Majority rule prevailed again in Sumer and Indus Valley as is natural
and local languages and races reasserted as in the present with early forms of Tamil disappearing from these parts (except for a few isolated pockets such as one in Balochistan). Tamil has continued and developed in its original southern homeland until present times. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
While this northward and westward movement of civilization
took place another movement took place towards the east in a movement that
lasted until relatively recent times, as late as around a thousand years ago,
and the Angkor Wats of South East Asia are a culmination of the creation of
ancient civilization there and a glimpse of these early humans who spread the
seeds of civilization as we know of now on the planet.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
This appears to be in brief the story of birth of human
civilization in the past. The Egyptian civilization sprang from an off shoot of
the Sumerians. More detailed descriptions with specific details of this story
are in earlier articles in this blog.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Some may wonder what will happen when the ice age we are in ends? Would most of the planet become too warm for comfort? What would happen to human civilization then? Well if we are still around by then we shall simply move to the Arctic and Antarctica that shall become nice and green at that time.</blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4A6kKHcmzpIHoRqFrisSEA1gR5JMCa6mrunWQa_2tRiqyfuM6x1T9N4P8JUpTbMU43gUHsYBYrn3-aRcXSnXf5QcrSB6OtnjxQ3iSymGoP0lyQnZb-mvettdQRtkVQMZTd4We/s1600/30_Jan_1977_Tonawanda%252C_NY_%2528Parker_Blvd_between_Brompton_Rd_and_Ellicott_Creek_Rd%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4A6kKHcmzpIHoRqFrisSEA1gR5JMCa6mrunWQa_2tRiqyfuM6x1T9N4P8JUpTbMU43gUHsYBYrn3-aRcXSnXf5QcrSB6OtnjxQ3iSymGoP0lyQnZb-mvettdQRtkVQMZTd4We/s1600/30_Jan_1977_Tonawanda%252C_NY_%2528Parker_Blvd_between_Brompton_Rd_and_Ellicott_Creek_Rd%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">A record breaking heat wave exposes the roof of a home in New York in glacial July 2130. 97% of scientists say it is a result of global warming caused by human activity <i><b>:)</b>. </i> </span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:30_Jan_1977_Tonawanda,_NY_%28Parker_Blvd_between_Brompton_Rd_and_Ellicott_Creek_Rd%29.jpg</span> Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-73149688718922024102015-08-01T05:52:00.004-07:002015-08-01T06:17:55.678-07:00New Evidence form Rosetta Mission Supports Pansemeria Hypothesis<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi47U-2JivovUoaJMcbCdV0ml7Y5xJbMWsYa9XzWtDlIp_IZKrgAz6IgBdTPWJpgGsRjkYbD8-DSHaFdeVM4CxGQ58mLRnM7u819zjeQy1TDIWntPOUICPhFJY2aTeU0My1w4O7/s1600/rosetta20141107-16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi47U-2JivovUoaJMcbCdV0ml7Y5xJbMWsYa9XzWtDlIp_IZKrgAz6IgBdTPWJpgGsRjkYbD8-DSHaFdeVM4CxGQ58mLRnM7u819zjeQy1TDIWntPOUICPhFJY2aTeU0My1w4O7/s1600/rosetta20141107-16.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Discovering signs of life on a comet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>How life came to Earth</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Some of the earliest posts of this blog dating back to 2006
suggested that seeds of life were brought to earth by comets. The theory can be
reached quickly by clicking archive links in the side bar. The theory named
Pansmeria, an adaptation and detailing of the Panspermia hypothesis, then went on
to develop a model of how life emerged on Earth and how it may emerge similarly
on other habitable planets of the universe where temperature is in the range to
permit presence of liquid water, sunshine conducive for photosynthesis and
gravity sufficient for holding an atmosphere. Some of the precise details of the theory may need slight revision but this blogger stands by the overall picture as originally presented. Every new evidence that has emerged from science since has supported it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Now new evidence from the Rosetta mission support the
founding principle of the hypothesis of eight years ago, that comets can bring
life to Earth. See this report from CNN,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/30/world/rosetta-mission-discovery/index.html?sr=cnnitw">http://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/30/world/rosetta-mission-discovery/index.html?sr=cnnitw</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To quote from this report,</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="zn-bodyparagraph">
<span style="color: #4c1130;">The European Space Agency (ESA), which is leading a
consortium that includes NASA, announced that the mission to explore Comet 67P
has discovered 16 organic compounds, described as "carbon and
nitrogen-rich."</span></div>
<div class="zn-bodyparagraph">
<span style="color: #4c1130;">The <a href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Science_on_the_surface_of_a_comet" target="_blank">agency says on its website that the discovery</a>, made by the Philae lander includes four compounds that have never
before been detected in comets.And it adds that some of the compounds "play a
key role in the prebiotic synthesis of amino acids, sugars ... the ingredients
for life."</span></div>
<div class="zn-bodyparagraph">
<span style="color: #4c1130;">"For example, formaldehyde is implicated in the
formation of ribose, which, ultimately features in molecules like DNA. "The existence of such complex molecules in a
comet, a relic of the early Solar System, imply that chemical processes at work
during that time could have played a key role in fostering the formation of
prebiotic material," it says.</span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
However it seems that the scientists are still off key on
the precise mechanisms as evident from the following comment in the same
report,</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="zn-bodyparagraph">
<span style="color: #4c1130;">Commenting on the findings, lander system engineer
Laurence O'Rourke told CNN it was an important discovery. "If you apply energy to such organic compounds
... like a comet hitting a planet ... it could lead to the creation of amino
acids which make up proteins, which are the basis of life itself," he
said.</span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The more precise mechanisms are explained in this blog in
the indicated early posts that can all be found at the following archive link:</div>
<a href="http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006_09_01_archive.html">http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006_09_01_archive.html</a>.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Just take care that the posts are presented in reverse chronological order on this page. </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Image developed from a NASA image at:</i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/rosetta/20141107/rosetta20141107-16.jpg">http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/rosetta/20141107/rosetta20141107-16.jpg</a></i></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-15049821265702284102015-04-16T06:41:00.001-07:002018-04-16T22:11:00.024-07:00New Studies push back dates of ancient human civilization<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrnYZW4U-phZ968eqs_lxLDdYfygQgGDYkWwafKXmqG-n6OKOrnoOHr9yiW3rNA7e8vEotDsSLOAcZJjItAz2cRI92Ka_PtJZANKBt4cdu0neqF39qLgvL08B6WMebd0N1VeqP/s1600/Saraswati.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrnYZW4U-phZ968eqs_lxLDdYfygQgGDYkWwafKXmqG-n6OKOrnoOHr9yiW3rNA7e8vEotDsSLOAcZJjItAz2cRI92Ka_PtJZANKBt4cdu0neqF39qLgvL08B6WMebd0N1VeqP/s1600/Saraswati.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ancient civilization along the Indus and Saraswati Rivers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
With <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanas-Bhirrana-oldest-Harappan-site-Rakhigarhi-Asias-largest-ASI/articleshow/46926693.cms">new
archeological finds</a> the dates of ancient human civilization are being
pushed back,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
“Asia's largest and oldest metropolis with gateways,
built-up areas, street system and wells was built at the site of Haryana's two
villages, including one on the Ghaggar river, according to a new Archaeological
Survey of India (ASI) report. The report, based on C 14 radio-dating, has said
the mounds at Bhirrana village, on the banks of Ghaggar River,
in Fatehabad district date back to 7570-6200 BC.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The 356-page research on Rakhigarhi has been authored by
former ASI's archaeology director Dr Amarendra Nath, the holistic study on
Bhirrana has been compiled by ASI's former joint director general K N Dikshit
and addtional diector general B R Mani.<br />
<br />
However, as speculated in some earlier posts yet more ancient remains
may now be submerged in coastal regions of Southern India and these
sites may be a result of a return to the northern plains with a language similar to archaic Tamil after the end
of the ice age and submergence of southern cities. <br />
<br />
Seeing the antiquity of this civilzation, it seems that it is from here that the civilisation would have moved to ancient Elam, Sumer and later the Nile valley. The distance between the two civilaztions is not considerable. The distance betwwen Sumer and the eastern settlements of Indus valley is less than that between the eastern and western ends within Indus valley itself. Since it is established with reasonable certainty now that the language of Sumer ruling classes was Archaic Tamil and the people dark australoid people, it would seem that the language of the ruling classes in Indus valley could have been a form of Archaic Tamil too. However just as the local Akkadian language was spoken by the masses in Sumer, the language of the masses in Indus valley is likely to have been an Indo-European language. In time the language of the masses prevailed in both Sumer and Indus valley, leaving Tamil to develop at its place of origin in southern India and a few isolated pockets in North such as the one in Baluchistan..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It may be noted that the most prominent of these sites are
along the ancient Saraswati River and only then the Indus River however the civilisation is often referred to as Indus Valley civilization because those sites were discovered first..
Part of the Saraswati River now flows as the much reduced Ghaggar River
because its connection to the Himalayas between the present day Sutlej and Yamuna rivers has been lost. Some of the
Ghaggar river now flows into Pakistan
as it must have in ancient times too if one traces archeological sites. However
if it was considered reviving it in India some of it may now be aligned with
the recent Indira Gandhi canal after reconnecting it to the Himalayas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanas-Bhirrana-oldest-Harappan-site-Rakhigarhi-Asias-largest-ASI/articleshow/46926693.cms">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanas-Bhirrana-oldest-Harappan-site-Rakhigarhi-Asias-largest-ASI/articleshow/46926693.cms</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
UPDATE APRIL 2018<br />
A new study suggests that drying up of rivers of indus Valley took place because of a long spell of drought leading to migrations away from the region,<br />
<a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/900-year-drought-wiped-out-indus-civilisation-iit-kharagpur/articleshow/63776710.cms">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/900-year-drought-wiped-out-indus-civilisation-iit-kharagpur/articleshow/63776710.cms</a></div>
</div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-511865538900137702015-02-01T04:06:00.000-08:002018-09-03T03:16:53.991-07:00On the Tamil origin of Ancient human civilisations<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtlcWA1vCcaRbu8wthVM5Ee_u3LE-9yTfQAu9ApA2EBvECPO3-rOujby5wGJC8URDzRpPagzvoafFx4QisLvaGelCdVG7MQGK26r5ne7Tx6p1QI-R5iMK9eiw-NbYzc1-QMR9P/s1600/Plato-raphael.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtlcWA1vCcaRbu8wthVM5Ee_u3LE-9yTfQAu9ApA2EBvECPO3-rOujby5wGJC8URDzRpPagzvoafFx4QisLvaGelCdVG7MQGK26r5ne7Tx6p1QI-R5iMK9eiw-NbYzc1-QMR9P/s1600/Plato-raphael.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plato by Raphael</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br /></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #741b47;"><i>Thinking and motivations, both good and destructive, in society develops over centuries from its experiences. Since these experiences are different in different parts of the world, it is not surprising that some of this thinking is different. Usually in fictional imagination when visits by aliens from other worlds are visualized, many in western societies imagine them as attacking humans. This has surprised people from India, why would they attack? It is so much easier, nice and advantageous to love instead and if there are aliens intelligent enough to learn travel through space surely they are not as stupid as to pounce on humans jumping around and shouting hoola hoola hoo! This was the philosophy of ancient humans too that gave birth to human civilization in Southern India and later Indus-Saraswati valley, Sumeria etc. The dark foreign Sumerians with their own strange language, local Akkadians and others like the fair northern Armenians came together in brotherhood to create the beginnings of human civilization. It is a view that different races and nations of the world are a family, not adversaries. An idea that was etched in stone by ancient Sanskrit speakers as, Vasudev Kutambkam. This philosophy is so deeply etched in Indian psyche that they have refused until modern times to accept the world as a group of adversary nations, despite western pressure to do so, for in their imagination that is a course that leads to destruction of human civilization even an apocalypse, not its growth. They continue to view the world as a family.</i></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The <b>Last Glacial Maximum</b> (<b>LGM</b>) was a period in
the climate history when ice sheets were at their most recent maximum extension,
between 27000 and 19,000 years ago. It<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>was a time when humans survived by moving to warmer southern areas. One such
was what is now a submerged area south of south India
and along some of the coasts of southern India that existed because of a
dramatic drop in sea levels around the time. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It is here that refugees from the north would have
encountered existing early humans of the early Australoid races that had
arrived and settled there much earlier, as per modern out of Africa genetic indication, and although this is speculative the
earliest of human civilizations may have developed in this area arising from
the force of the cultural mix of two different races and cultures. The people that emerged from the mix would have
borne predominantly Australoid features and spoken ancient forms of archaic
Tamil because despite the refugee influx the majority would have been an Australoid race and archaic Tamil has its roots in ancient Austric langauages as discussed in older posts of this blog.. There are ancient Tamil records that describe ancient Tamil
civilizations as old or older than<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>10,000 BC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The <b>Late Glacial Maximum,</b> 13,000-10,000 years ago
is defined primarily by the beginning of the modern warm period, in which the earth warmed substantially. It is
at this time that human populations, previously forced into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum_refugia" title="Last Glacial Maximum refugia">refuge areas</a> as a result of Last
Glacial Maximum climatic conditions, are likely to have gradually moved northwards as earlier cities and
settlements began to submerge due to rising sea levels, and the northern climate was no longer hostile.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
During the last ice age sea level was at least 120 m lower
than it is today exposing much more area on the continents. Many changes took
place as sea level rose including the submergence of coastal regions. An
interval of rapid sea level rise was first identified by a hiatus in coral
growth in the Caribbean about 7600 years ago.
Southampton researchers have estimated that sea-level rose by an average of
about 1 meter per century at the end of the last Ice Age, interrupted by rapid
'jumps' during which it rose by up to 2.5 meters per century. Global sea level
rose by a total of more than 120 meters as the vast ice sheets of the last Ice
Age melted back. This melt-back lasted from about 19,000 to about 6,000 years
ago, meaning that the average rate of sea-level rise was roughly 1 meter per
century.<br />
(<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101201120605.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101201120605.htm</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ancient Tamil records do mention
the submergence of an ancient advanced Tamil civilization prior to 5500
BP. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
(<a href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256">http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256</a>) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The Tamil people presently
inhabit southern India and
it is possible that in the past they may have inhabited the region up to the
southern limits of the Indus civilization in the south along the Indian Ocean
coast i.e. present day Dwarka, the mouth of the Saraswati
River and westwards towards the mouth
of Indus valley. <br />
<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="style13">To quote from a recent article on the
subject (<a href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256">http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>) </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="style13">The evidence thus far reveals the existence of man-made
structures twenty-three metres beneath the sea, five kilometres off the
Tarangambadi- Poompuhar coast near Nagapattinam in South
India. Its existence at such a depth is calculated as having taken
place over many thousand years ago. This ties in with the geological evidence
of such happenings at that time as well as the Tamil traditions of the first
two Tamil Sangams referred to earlier.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="style13">The unfolding archaeological and geological evidence is
proving to be the historical validation that Tamil civilisation which reached a
high-point during those two Tamil Sangams had their beginnings 11,000 years ago
or circa 9,000 BC. What is the evidence currently available, be it
archaeological, geological or other which will substantiate the Kumari Kandam
tradition?</span> </blockquote>
<br />
According to N. Parameswaran, quoting from ancient Tamil literary
tradition, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
(<a href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256">http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>According to the Kumari Kandam
tradition, over a period of about just 11,000 years (beginning around 9000BC),
the Pandyans, a historical dynasty of Tamil kings, formed three Tamil Sangams,
in order to foster among their subjects the love of knowledge, literature and
poetry. </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>The first Sangam was
head-quartered in a city named Then-madurai it was patronised by a succession
of eighty-nine kings and survived for an unbroken period of 4,400 years during
which time it approved an immense collection of poems and literature. At the
end of that golden age, the First Sangam was destroyed when a deluge arose and
Then-Madurai itself was swallowed by the sea along with large parts of the land
area of Kumari Kandam.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br />
<br />
However, the survivors, saving some of the books, were able to relocate further
north. They established a Second Sangam in a city called Kavatapuram which
lasted 3,700 years. The same fate befell this city as well, when it too was
swallowed by the sea and lost forever all its works with the sole exception of
the Tolkappiyam, a work on Tamil grammar. Following the inundation of
Kavatapuram, the survivors once again relocated The Third Sangam lasted for a
period of 1850 years and most scholars agree that that Sangam terminated around
350 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As observed by Prof. (Dr) M.
Sunderam, “The tradition of the loss of a vast continent by deluge of the sea
is too strong in the ancient Tamil classics to be ignored by any serious type
of inquiry.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="style13">It is
interesting to note that gradual submergence of cities is in agreement with
gradual rise of sea levels that lasted up to around six thousand years ago as
per the South Hampton study.. </span>Tamils
from the south appear to have migrated north to the southern tip of what later
became the Indus valley and Saraswati valley
civilizations. Their grand coastal cities were later eroded as the sea rose.
These people who settled coastal regions over the years were responsible for
the creation of an ancient civilization that preceded both the Indus valley and Sumerian civilizations. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ruins have been found somewhat a
little to the south off the Konkan coast.
In what could turn out to be a major discovery; researchers have found a
wall-like structure, which is 24km long, 2.7m in height, and around 2.5m in
width. The structure shows uniformity in construction. “The structure is not
continuous from Shrivardhan to Raigad, but it is uniform. It has been found 3m
below the present sea level. Considering the uniformity of the structure, it is
obvious that the structure is man-made,” said Dr Ashok Marathe, department of
archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute,
Pune. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-civilisation-as-old-as-indus-valley-1547987">http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-civilisation-as-old-as-indus-valley-1547987</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
This joint expedition carried out
by Deccan College, Pune and Department of Science
and Technology, Central Government, has been in progress since 2005. “We were
actually studying the impacts of tsunami and earthquake on western coast when
we first found this structure in Valneshwar,” said Marathe. However, the age of
the structure was decided on the basis of sea level mapping. “There have been
exhaustive studies about the sea water coming inside the land. Based on calculations,
experts from National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) pegged the age of the
wall at around 6,000 BC,” Marathe informed. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">An Archaic Tamil origin of Indus, Elam and Sumer</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
If it is assumed that an advanced
civilization existed prior to Indus, Elamite and Sumerian civilizations and
that due to submergence groups from this civilization migrated northwards from
South Asia and dominated the local less civilized population in an analogous
manner to what Europeans did when they colonized much of the world a few
centuries ago, then it would explain the emergence of civilization in these
regions. Plato has described such a scenario in his records of Atlantis, a civilization that preceded the Sumerians and was submerged in a place with plantain trees and elephants.<br />
<br />
Initially an Archaic Tamil language of the ruling classes would have
been the official language while the language of the local people would have
been in common use as happened during European colonization. This is in fact
proved by written records as far as Sumer is concerned where eventually
the Akkadian language of the majority replaced Archaic Tamil. Similarly it has
also been deduced that the language of ancient Elam was a form of archaic
Tamil language ( see older posts in this blog for references). It is likely that the scenario was similar in Indus
valley. Here the language of the majority was an Indo-European language that
preceded Sanskrit and here too the archaic Tamil was likely lost with the
decline of the Indus civilization due to the drying up of the Saraswati River.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It is interesting to note that in
ancient Sanskrit stories the rulers are often shown as dark persons where the
majority was a fairer Indo-European population. This includes leading Kings in
mythology such as Krishna and Rama. The
situation was precisely similar in Sumeria. it is also interesting to note that this agrees with the story and timing of ancient Atlantis as described by Plato. History too would seem to have come a full circle with a dominance of darker populations by fairer Europeans in the colonial period balancing the karma of the original fair races dominated by darker ones. A few very fair Tamil families continue to exist in southern India while some very dark ones exist till this day in northern India. The early racial mixes of thousands of years ago appear to continue up to present times.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_8ikmpXhnrXlbWhhPdKhuVZaP2bPoWShWUf2fAHNztZCCKo3liWpAk8WOSQtwXw55FGEqPMVjqW1gYDkFXkgN6XWeeKh2uJHeiIh4OZkVE1fZMXvpfF7_4Vdf_zq7G-SkSdOv/s1600/Lord-Krishna-Sudama-in-Vrindavan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_8ikmpXhnrXlbWhhPdKhuVZaP2bPoWShWUf2fAHNztZCCKo3liWpAk8WOSQtwXw55FGEqPMVjqW1gYDkFXkgN6XWeeKh2uJHeiIh4OZkVE1fZMXvpfF7_4Vdf_zq7G-SkSdOv/s1600/Lord-Krishna-Sudama-in-Vrindavan.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Classical depiction from the ancient story of Krishna and Sudama. For a modern rendition of the story by the author see <a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2014/12/merry-christmas-story-of-sudama-and-king.html">http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2014/12/merry-christmas-story-of-sudama-and-king.html</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
It is worth noting that different branches and tribes of the Austric races e.g. the Bhils and the Gonds remained undeveloped in forest areas of central and eastern India untouched by civilization until recent times. These were most likely the Austric people who escaped the force of a cultural mix that created the first of human civilization in the warmest southern tips of South Asia leading to the development of advanced Tamil civilization and races. Unlike the Tamil people who display a mix of dark and fairer castes along with a considerable influence of Sanskrit of Indo-European group in the language. On the other hand the tribal Austrics in other parts are primarily still dark in complexion.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>UPDATE SEPTEMBER , 3, 2018</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Recent research is confirming what this and other notes in
this blog had already deduced on the Tamil origin of Indus civilization. See
this report,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rakhigarhi-excavation-indus-valley-civilisation-irula-dravidian-language-1328959-2018-08-31">https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rakhigarhi-excavation-indus-valley-civilisation-irula-dravidian-language-1328959-2018-08-31</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To quote from it, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
“<span style="color: #111111; font-family: OpenSans-Regular; font-size: 13.0pt;">Here's a what a draft paper on an excavation made in Haryana's
Rakhigarhi says: One 4,500-year-old male skeleton is more closely related to
the Irula (a south Indian tribal community) than to Indian populations with a
higher degree of West Eurasian-related ancestry. The paper also suggests that
the area's ancient citizens probably spoke an early Dravidian language. Read
India Today magazine's cover story on the Rakhigarhi findings “</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-36145977026117205382015-01-04T02:32:00.001-08:002015-01-04T04:02:08.195-08:00Comets are not Vagabonds<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzaAmwWHkMgaCDP3KK9cqfCiQ2Zsnts7iGjzl5u2-L76je41Qzu6meR_n1dxkJZEGzIXY_NoIPSd3kfX8xWN8LF00wlqNZsDpTxqY8cUGS74HocL8p26fl1YDb28RKMnNv038N/s1600/c2014_q2_2014_12_16dp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzaAmwWHkMgaCDP3KK9cqfCiQ2Zsnts7iGjzl5u2-L76je41Qzu6meR_n1dxkJZEGzIXY_NoIPSd3kfX8xWN8LF00wlqNZsDpTxqY8cUGS74HocL8p26fl1YDb28RKMnNv038N/s1600/c2014_q2_2014_12_16dp.jpg" height="218" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Comet Lovejoy image from NASA (modified before use here)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #7f6000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">T</span></span>hose who believe in a supreme Universal Intelligence
believe that nothing major happens in the universe unless the Universe wills
it. While scientists recognize the supreme organization in planets, stars and
galaxies, some regard comets as wayward objects. However, there are others who
see this as a necessity of the overall design. An earlier post (<a href="http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006/09/universe-we-live-in.html">see here</a>) in this blog
described how comets may be regarded as the spaceships of God. Their icy
interiors can bring genes of life stored in bacteria, the only form of life
that survives hibernation over millions of years, acting as the seeds of life
on new planets, where they awaken with the scent of moisture and a conducive
climate. The genes of all life forms including humans are carried in bacterial
genes. There is much more of that in earlier posts of this blog. Presently the
earth is witnessing the spectacular comet Lovejoy in its vicinity.<br />
<br />
Without comets, perhaps there would have been no life on earth. It is also true that some comets bring destruction to a planet. Without some earlier ones that destroyed the dinosaurs perhaps human life would not have emerged. Some predict some more such destructive collisions in future and there might be a purpose behind it too that is not fully comprehensible to the finite mind of humans.Regarding some speculated destructions in the near future see:<br />
<a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2015/01/apocalypse-during-2025-2050.html">http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2015/01/apocalypse-during-2025-2050.html</a></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-53593394777206492922014-09-21T13:11:00.000-07:002014-09-23T05:10:38.008-07:00The Myth that Elamite and Sumerian are isolated languages<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_JhgLIBi9uQ3SMsqCSaeT_EDsVjNeoW6GQ2zhWfaJoMpuZCbLgr37OiveK-ZfSwM3fup4IAu3JouAQuoxbx7F5TLznMgNeVVEMt2htVQF0c4jI3NE_Ze5is15_cBx0Sd7jBCq/s1600/Ea_(Babilonian)_-_EnKi_(Sumerian).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_JhgLIBi9uQ3SMsqCSaeT_EDsVjNeoW6GQ2zhWfaJoMpuZCbLgr37OiveK-ZfSwM3fup4IAu3JouAQuoxbx7F5TLznMgNeVVEMt2htVQF0c4jI3NE_Ze5is15_cBx0Sd7jBCq/s1600/Ea_(Babilonian)_-_EnKi_(Sumerian).jpg" height="272" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Elamo-Dravidian
language family</span> is a language family that links Dravidian languages of India to the extinct Elamite language of ancient
Elam (present-day
southwestern Iran).
Linguist David McAlpin has been a chief proponent of the Elamo-Dravidian
hypothesis. Recent collaborative work with American Indologist Franklin C
Southworth further establishes this. It is possible that the extinct languages
of the Indus Valley Civilization may also be part of this family, or more likely one of the two languages of Indus Valley. The Indus Valley may have been a bilingual culture just like that of Sumer noting the ancient Vedic culture in Indo-Aryan from the same region. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="reference-text">Recent studies have revealed that
even Sumerian is not an isolated language but is also a Dravidian language and therefore belongs to the same group of languages, that is a branch of the larger Austric group of languages some still prevalent in parts of South and South East Asia. The Tamil language from amongst these appears to come closest to this Elamo- Dravidian language family. It has been the most evolved branch of the Austric langages of the Australoid people with its own ancient literary tradition of the Sangams. </span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="reference-text">Therefore
the obvious conclusion is that neither Sumerian nor Elamite, were isolated
languages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span class="reference-text">In fact so close is the
relationship of Sumerian to Tamil that some phrases can be understood even by
modern speakers of Tamil. Further there is clear evidence that both people were
dark people. The question that arises is why and how this myth began that these
languages are isolated languages. The answer lies in the willful distortion of
history and intellectual dishonesty due to political and racial reasons and the source is the Sumerian-Akkadian
scholar Julius Opert born of German Jewish parents. To quote Dr. Clyde Winters,</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oppert began the myth that the Sumerian languages
were isolated from other languages spoken in the world</i></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And,</i></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">He also manufactured
the idea that the Semites of Mesopotamia and Iran, the Assyrians and Akkadians
were whites like himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To make the
Sumerians white in textbooks he used print pictures of artifacts dating to the
Gutian rule ---
to pass them off as the true originators of Sumerian civilization. No Gutian
rulers of Lagash
are recognized in the Sumerian Kings List.</i></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The Gutians, a barbaric warrior tribe, likely a fair people had conquered and ruled over Sumer for around a hundred years only. Some whiteness amongst the Sumerians as also perhaps the
Elamites would have come from an intermarriage with Armenoid Or Ara people
referred to as the bright headed people by Sumerians, a small percentage of
whom had begun to migrate southwards and eastwards from central Asia and
Armenia since prehistoric times. However this mixing was insufficient to change
the fact that the Sumerians were black and referred to themselves as dark people.
The artifacts of the time and anthropological examinations from both Sumeria and Elam support this. Although Dr.
Clyde Winters has correctly concluded that the Sumerians were black persons he appears
to have incorrectly concluded that they came out of Sahara or Africa and that they were Negros identical to those in Africa. Anthropological examinations indicated that they were the Australoid type.
They were the Austric people who had come out of Africa tens of thousands
of years before that and spread through South and South-east Asia undergoing a
further change and evolution different from those in Africa, and these are the people who speak the Austric group of languages of which Elamo- Darvidian or Archaic Tamil is the most advanced.Modern tamil is closest to the original Dravid language as compared to other Dravid languages today. For example the language in the province of Kerala, another Dravid language has adopted heavily from Sanskrit. While rightly dispelling one myth, Dr. Clyde Winters appears to be creating another new one.<br />
<br />
This is what Wikpedia records about the Australoid race (full references are in the original record)<br />
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<br />
<i>The <b>Australoid race</b> is a broad racial classification. The concept
originated with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_%28anthropology%29" title="Typology (anthropology)">typological method of racial classification</a>.
They were described as having dark skin with wavy hair, in the case of the <b>Veddoid
race</b> of South Asia (including the eponymous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedda_people" title="Vedda people">Vedda
people</a> autochthonous to Sri Lanka) and Aboriginal Australians, or hair ranging
from straight to kinky in the case of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesian" title="Melanesian">Melanesian</a>
and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a>
groups. According to this model of classification, Australoid peoples ranged
throughout Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia,
New Guinea, Melanesia, the Andaman
Islands, the Indian subcontinent, as well as parts of the Middle
East. In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_Africa_theory" title="Out of Africa theory">Out of Africa theory</a>, the ancestors of the
Australoids, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Australoid" title="Proto-Australoid">Proto-Australoids</a>, are thought to have been the
first branch off from the Proto-Capoids to migrate from Africa about 60,000
BCE, migrating along the now submerged continental shelf of the northern shore
of the Indian Ocean and reaching Australia about 50,000 BCE. </i><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLPCs_Hbun_TxBFqUfw9_-0KWU5fFtSZ1XM91mq1633j1xGEDjbqFy6hvNU59M32kXq_lg0OW-6C2TZ5N-t3EFQ40Ill7le9PXbfF8s8ERHLd0LOWzPVG-k_Q6RDBnu_Bhnq8C/s1600/Workii_tribe_of_Gilbert_River_Australoid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLPCs_Hbun_TxBFqUfw9_-0KWU5fFtSZ1XM91mq1633j1xGEDjbqFy6hvNU59M32kXq_lg0OW-6C2TZ5N-t3EFQ40Ill7le9PXbfF8s8ERHLd0LOWzPVG-k_Q6RDBnu_Bhnq8C/s1600/Workii_tribe_of_Gilbert_River_Australoid.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Tribal Australoid, just as dark and broad nosed as the Sumerians but not a Negro</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Although some regard the Dravidian languages as separate from the Austric languages, this author has used the term Austric group of languages as those spoken by the people of Australoid origin of which the Dravidians are a part, albeit perhaps the most evolved and developed part of this race. Why some groups of a race remain undeveloped while others develop highly has been explained by this author elsewhere. Often a small genetic change that may be brought about by a slight racial mixing with another race or other factors is sufficient to cause huge changes.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
What has been defined as the Elamo-Dravidian group of languages is more precisely termed as the Archaic Tamil group of languages because it is Archaic Tamil that these languages were closest to. In the past when certain tribes of Sumer and nearby regions were defined as with isolated languages, Archaic Tamil had not been taken into consideration and what the scholars should have more correctly said is an unknown language group rather than isolated language. Scholars must not make the mistake of assuming that what is not known cannot exist and be discovered by further investigation. It misleads others and delays progress.</blockquote>
<br />
The <b>Gutians</b> were a barbaric tribe from northern and
central ranges of the Zagros Mountains that overran southern Mesopotamia
when the Akkadian empire collapsed in approximately 2154 BC. According to the
historian Henry Hoyle Howorth (1901), Assyriologist Theophilus Pinches (1908),
renowned archaeologist Leonard Woolley (1929) and Assyriologist Ignace Gelb
(1944) the Gutians were pale skinned perhaps also blonde haired. This identification of
the Gutians as fair haired first came to light when Julius Oppert (1877)
published a set of tablets he had discovered which described Gutian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>slaves as <i>namrum</i>, meaning "light
colored" or "fair-skinned". Little is known about the language
and history of the Gutians but seeing their light skin, they were perhaps an
ancient people of a European or Armenian origin. They were a people clearly distinct from the Sumerians but turned out to be convenient for Oppert to build his thesis of lies, that has inadvertently continued to influence the thinking of later generations of scholars.<br />
<br />
Although this requires further research there are some indications that the Gutis were a branch of the Indo-European people, a warring and more barbaric branch. The Hittites, Mitanii, Guti. Lullubi, Maruts and even the later Kassites all of whom appear to come from the same region north of Iraq and all of whom appear to be branches the ancient Indo-European Aryans or Elamo-Dravidians, but seeing the fair complexion of the Gutis they were more likely to be Indo-European speakers rather than Dravian speakers Some have even held that the Maruts and Gutis were the same people but this is unlikely because the Maruts revered the Aryan Gods and served them while the Gutians appeared to have been a law unto themselves and disrespected of gods.Is the word Kurdi a modern version of Guti (g/k, t/d, <i>Guti, Kudi, Kurdi)</i> since they appear to have inhabited the same region? If so they were definitely an Indo-European people as the Kurdis are (The pronunciation Kurd is a western invention). Incidentally Kudi is used as an abusive word in Tamil that the Sumerians may have used for this tribe that looted and ransacked them<i>.</i><br />
<br />
All this needs further research. As some of the historical myths put up by older scholars because of vested interests and racial stupidity are dispelled one by one, mankind would come closer to discovering its fascinating ancient past.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="reference-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Limited References quoted here only that are useful for further reading:</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="reference-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">David McAlpin, "Proto-Elamo-Dravidian: The Evidence and its
Implications", <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Transactions of
the American Philosophical Society</span> vol. 71 pt. 3, (1981)</i></span><br />
<span class="reference-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> 2</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="reference-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/kushites-of-sumer-and-akkad-by-clyde-winters-phd/">http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/kushites-of-sumer-and-akkad-by-clyde-winters-phd/</a></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3<span class="mw-headline"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></i></span><br />
<span class="mw-headline"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sumerian :TAMIL
of the First CaGkam: </span></i></span><span class="reference-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.heritagewiki.org/index.php?title=Sumerian:TAMIL_of_the_First_CaGkam">http://www.heritagewiki.org /index.php?title=Sumerian:TAMIL_of_the_First_CaGkam</a></span></i></span><br />
<span class="reference-text"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">4</span></i></span><span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.araichchi.com/Sumeria/Sumeria_Linguistics.html">http://www.araichchi.com/Sumeria/Sumeria_Linguistics.html</a></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-68249116284723133582014-09-18T08:16:00.000-07:002014-09-23T10:05:33.576-07:00A Lost Ancient Civilization <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<h3>
Possible Tamil Origin</h3>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNcNeUmpm5ocv8yB5Gm9al5HzTW5qs0_nBNxBcAQjqqE5Jj_-pKXH0Rjh8fcsHA24cROQAd62iQhuEYA1kjDmsKwoKH4w2iSwr10vCAbEGMzIuAiH-JF-2bJSZtuaZL7em9uvS/s1600/Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNcNeUmpm5ocv8yB5Gm9al5HzTW5qs0_nBNxBcAQjqqE5Jj_-pKXH0Rjh8fcsHA24cROQAd62iQhuEYA1kjDmsKwoKH4w2iSwr10vCAbEGMzIuAiH-JF-2bJSZtuaZL7em9uvS/s1600/Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Excavated ruins of a swimming pool from the Indus Valley Civilization</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Based on available archeological evidence, the beginnings of
organized human civilization have been traced to Sumerian and Indus Valley
civilizations. However scholars have postulated that there is a possibility
that both civilizations were due to the influence of a yet older undiscovered civilization
that may have its beginning in the last ice age. How can a civilization be lost without leaving any trace?
The answer lies beneath the sea. Coastal regions of present day continents
submerged in the ocean as the last ice age receded and it is here that an
ancient civilization may have thrived. Such a civilization would have to be
older than 5500 BP, at which time it submerged and the people that escaped from
it could then be responsible for initiating the Sumerian civilization after the
submergence as well as the the Indus
civilization. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Such submergence is in fact a part of Sumerian written
records and is also a part of the prehistorical traditions of many other ancient
civilizations including the ancient Greeks (Atlantis) and Tamils of Southern India. Prehistoric knowledge is a
part of folk lore and has undoubtedly undergone modifications and distortions with
time. However, there is now strong
scientific evidence for submergence of coastal regions in various parts of the world as well as low lying islands. Sumerian written records attest to it. The Sumerians
described their ancient land as Dilmun/Tilmun that got submerged with
a flood/tsunami. Nevertheless their records show that they continued to trade
with Dilmun later by sea. The view of this
author is that as ancient Tilmun got submerged other new areas were
named after it. In archaic Tamil this name simply implies the Land of Good Living just as Ur in Tamil simply means a town and any town is an Ur (in modern usage PUR)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Submergence due to
rise of Sea levels</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
During the last ice age sea level was at least 120 m lower
than it is today exposing much more area on the continents. Many changes took
place as sea level rose including the submergence of coastal regions. An
interval of rapid sea level rise was first identified by a hiatus in
coral growth in the Caribbean about 7600 years
ago. Southampton researchers have estimated that sea-level rose by an average
of about 1 meter per century at the end of the last Ice Age, interrupted by
rapid 'jumps' during which it rose by up to 2.5 meters per century. Global sea
level rose by a total of more than 120 meters as the vast ice sheets of the
last Ice Age melted back. This melt-back lasted from about 19,000 to about 6,000
years ago, meaning that the average rate of sea-level rise was roughly 1 meter
per century.<br />
(<a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101201120605.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101201120605.htm</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lost Civilization</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
If it is assumed for a moment that an older civilization
existed that preceded Sumerian and Indus civilizations, the question that
needs to be answered is, who were these ancient people and what tribe or race
did they belong too? Where were their major ancient cities? It is has now been established over the last decade beginning with a study by the present author that Sumerian language
was identical to ancient Tamil, Archaic Tamil (<a href="http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2013/09/sumerian-not-linguistic-isolate-but.html">see here</a>) and that Sumerians were in the
main dark people similar to the Tamil Australoid race. In Sumer they mixed with person of Semitic and
Aryan origin from the North, whereas the mixing in Indus
was with Aryan Indo-European speaking people. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Ancient Tamil records do mention the submergence of an
ancient advanced Tamil civilization prior to 5500 BP. </div>
(<a href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256">http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256</a>) </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Tamil people presently inhabit southern India and it is possible that in
the past they may have inhabited the region up to the southern limits of the
Indus civilization in the south along the Indian Ocean coast i.e. present day
Dwarka, the mouth of the Saraswati River and westwards towards the mouth of Indus valley. According to N. Parameswaran,
quoting from ancient Tamil literary tradition, </div>
(<a href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256">http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=256</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>According to the Kumari Kandam tradition, over a period
of about just 11,000 years (beginning around 9000BC), the Pandyans, a
historical dynasty of Tamil kings, formed three Tamil Sangams, in order to
foster among their subjects the love of knowledge, literature and poetry. </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>The first Sangam was head-quartered in a city named
Then-madurai it was patronised by a succession of eighty-nine kings and survived
for an unbroken period of 4,400 years during which time it approved an immense
collection of poems and literature. At the end of that golden age, the First
Sangam was destroyed when a deluge arose and Then-Madurai itself was swallowed
by the sea along with large parts of the land area of Kumari Kandam.<br />
<br />
However, the survivors, saving some of the books, were able to relocate further
north. They established a Second Sangam in a city called Kavatapuram which
lasted 3,700 years. The same fate befell this city as well, when it too was
swallowed by the sea and lost forever all its works with the sole exception of
the Tolkappiyam, a work on Tamil grammar. Following the inundation of
Kavatapuram, the survivors once again relocated The Third Sangam lasted for a
period of 1850 years and most scholars agree that that Sangam terminated around
350 AD. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As observed by Prof. (Dr) M.
Sunderam, “The tradition of the loss of a vast continent by deluge of the sea
is too strong in the ancient Tamil classics to be ignored by any serious type
of inquiry.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="style13">It is interesting to note that gradual
submergence of cities is in agreement with gradual rise of sea levels that
lasted up to around six thousand years ago as per the South Hampton study.. </span>Tamils from the south
appear to have migrated north to the southern tip of what later became the Indus
valley and Saraswati valley civilizations. Their
grand coastal cities were later eroded as the sea rose. These people who settled
coastal regions over the years were responsible for the creation of an ancient
civilization that preceded both the Indus
valley and Sumerian civilizations. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Locating the Lost Civilization</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The question then is, can the ancient submerged civilization
be located? Is it off the Indian coast somewhere? It may be mentioned that
submergence took place thousands of years ago and except for the most prominent
of structures much would have been buried and destroyed by the oceans. Even
ancient ship wrecks take centuries to locate and therefore a submergence that
took place more than five thousands years ago would be even more difficult to
locate. However what appear to be traces of ancient structures have been found
of the present day Dwarka. This latter is likely to be a possible location
from where Sumerians originated because of its proximity to Sumeria, both
by land and sea and this area is perhaps also the Atlantis of Plato. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The megaliths of ancient Dwarka are in fact found submerged just offshore from modern Dwarka, and the huge
stone walls built of megalithic blocks which had been interlocked with chiseled
L-shaped dovetails are characteristic of the Indus Civilization. The Gulfs of
Cambay and Kutch, just south of Dwarka, also
hold submerged megalithic Indus Civilization structures that were covered by
the ocean at the melting of the Ice Age. The ruins, discovered in 2000 and
investigated with acoustic techniques, are known as the Gulf of Khambat Cultural
Complex. They’re 131 feet beneath the surface.
One of the artifacts dredged up by scientists was dated around 7500 BCE, which
could support the theories that it is, in fact ancient Dwarka described in
Sanskrit later that also described its sudden drowning. The ruins below the Gulf of Cambay go back at least nine thousand years. However a full scientific validation of these findings await further excavations made difficult because of the underwater nature of the site.<br />
(<a href="http://www.unacknowledged.info/dwarka-mythical-city-found-water/">http://www.unacknowledged.info/dwarka-mythical-city-found-water/</a>) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Further ruins have been found somewhat a little to the south
off the Konkan coast. <a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-civilisation-as-old-as-indus-valley-1547987"></a>
In what could turn out to be a major discovery; researchers have found a
wall-like structure, which is 24km long, 2.7m in height, and around 2.5m in
width. The structure shows uniformity in construction. “The structure is not
continuous from Shrivardhan to Raigad, but it is uniform. It has been found 3m
below the present sea level. Considering the uniformity of the structure, it is
obvious that the structure is man-made,” said Dr Ashok Marathe, department of
archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-civilisation-as-old-as-indus-valley-1547987">http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-civilisation-as-old-as-indus-valley-1547987</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This joint expedition carried out by Deccan College,
Pune and Department of Science and Technology, Central Government, has been in
progress since 2005. “We were actually studying the impacts of tsunami and
earthquake on western coast when we first found this structure in Valneshwar,”
said Marathe. However, the age of the structure was decided on the basis of sea
level mapping. “There have been exhaustive studies about the sea water coming
inside the land. Based on calculations, experts from National Institute of
Oceanography (NIO) pegged the age of the wall at around 6,000 BC,” Marathe
informed. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Present day Tamil
Areas</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The majority of Tamil speaking people presently live in southern India, some
distance from the western coast of Dwarka, but their present location is not
likely to be the location for the ancient submerged civilization because of two
reasons, they are further away from ancient Sumeria and also because one would
have expected the remains of other ancient civilizations in the land areas
nearby. Such areas exist north of the western coast near Dwarka as the remains
of the Indus valley civilization. The current
language spoken in these areas are Indo European languages rather than Tamil
derivatives. However, something like that happened in Sumeria as well where the
Akkadian language of the majority gradually replaced the old Sumerian language.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further south too in present day Kerala,
the old Tamil was heavily influenced by Indo-European Sanskrit so as to become
a new language. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
However one might expect that if a majority group of Tamil speakers live in
relative isolation somewhere in the North-West part of Indian sub-continent, the
Tamil language may have survived with them until today. Such a community does
in fact exist in the Baluchistan region that
is dotted with communities that have lived in relative isolation from each
other since ancient times. Indo- European Baluch are a war-like people. As the
last to arrive of the major ethnic groups of Pakistan
they were faced with the need to displace the peoples already settled in Baluchistan. Some they more or less successfully
subjugated or assimilated, like the Meds of Makran and other now subordinate
groups. From others they faced a greater challenge, notably from the Brahui
tribes occupying the hills around Kalat. The origins of the Brahuis are even
more puzzling than those of the Baluch, for their language is not Indo-European
at all, but belongs to the same Dravidian family as Tamil and the other
languages of south India spoken over a thousand miles away. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Contrary to earlier speculation about recent
migrations, linguistic and genetic analyses show that they have been separated
from other Dravidian speakers for at least several thousand years. </span>Aside from this
exception, it is only in areas far removed from Indo-European influence, the
present day Tamil Nadu and neighboring areas that the modern forms of Archaic Tamil mainly survives.<br />
<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Alternative Possibilities</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The present discussion has been based on the fact that the
Sumerian language has been identified as an older form of Archaic Tamil. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>While there appears to be little
doubt to the conclusion that Sumerians were speakers of Archaic Tamil, there
are some other implicit assumptions in the present discussion that need further
verification. These are:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">That
the Tamil speaking people have been the inhabitants of Southern India ever
since the last ice age, but not of North India
that was predominantly Indo- European speaking area at that time even.</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There
is also little to doubt in the fact that while some from the Australoid races have remained
as forest tribes even up to present times, some branches evolved to develop
highly advanced civilizations. A similar feat by a branch of the Australoid
people has also been performed later in Angkor Vat of Cambodia in historic
times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Small amounts of genetic and
evolutionary changes in groups of humans can make a vast difference and
there are very many examples of that amongst humans and animals seeing
that genetically even a chimp is 99 percent human. Another example of
that is those at Athens who developed a very advanced civilization at a
time when people of similar race were still up to nothing of great civilizational significance not very far west of them.</span> However there are two other possibilities that need to be
debated and explored further:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">That
the movement of language and civilization was not from the Indian western
or southern coastal regions to Sumer but the other way around i.e. some
Sumerians moved to the Indian coastal regions with their language and
dominance and that while archaic Tamil was overtaken by Semitic languages
in Mesopotamia, the reverse happened in Southern India i.e. the local
languages were replaced by archaic Tamil. OR, </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">That
all of India in the Indus valley times including southern India was predominantly
Tamil speaking prior to 2000 BC and that some time after 2000 BC the
language of North India was overtaken by Indo European due to increasing
migrations from central Asia, whereas the Tamil language survived in
Southern India. This does not imply any violent incursion by an Indo European people into North Western India but a continuation of a largely peaceful process of migrations that took place in the old world in ancient times. It must be remembered that at that time the total human population was much smaller and much of the earth still uninhabited and there was no such thing as immigration control in those times.</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of the two additional possibilities mentioned here the
second is more plausible than the first given the recent archeological
discoveries in Indus valley that push its time to more than a thousand years
before the Sumerian civilization suggesting that the movement of civilization
could have only been from the direction of Indus to Sumer and not the other way
around. Added to that is the historical evidence that the Sumerians were foreign
migrants with a foreign language of non- Semitic origin, not similar to any language of the region, leading scholars to conclude hastily that Sumerian is an isolated language because it was unlike Semetic or Indo-European languages. They could not have come from another star system, nor were they a people barely past tongue clicking, and this simple logic is what had led this author to explore the matter further more than seven years ago and arrive at the conclusion that their language belonged to yet another group of Austric origins. They had moved into Sumer sometime before 3000 BC, bringing with them technology and tales of an ancient great civilization from where they came. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">See also for Tamil - Sumerian links: <a href="http://arutkural.tripod.com/sumstudies/dilmun-tillai-en.htm">http://arutkural.tripod.com/sumstudies/dilmun-tillai-en.htm </a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Image modified from: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpeg">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpeg</a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="descriptionen"><i><span lang="EN">This file is licensed under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="w:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sa/1.0/">ShareAlike 1.0</a> License.</span></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-64842143238848476692014-09-10T04:38:00.001-07:002014-09-12T11:49:06.181-07:00The Builders of Stonehenge were probably of Armenian origin<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="introduction">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoq_4BznyF2vUN80pMndOJm8sRW_OyOn7z5CUKfmCbrXc3iDuwvmnn9qKeLPzEhy1vN_2RIRI-E_6Do-T9BAk1-k56oMVyJh3au3ewp7NNyY1bcfnG7gnTjHBHJhoQmtLbL7rc/s1600/800px-Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoq_4BznyF2vUN80pMndOJm8sRW_OyOn7z5CUKfmCbrXc3iDuwvmnn9qKeLPzEhy1vN_2RIRI-E_6Do-T9BAk1-k56oMVyJh3au3ewp7NNyY1bcfnG7gnTjHBHJhoQmtLbL7rc/s1600/800px-Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stonehenge</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="introduction">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Many have wondered who the builders of Stonehenge in England were.
Were they local persons or were they migrants from afar? Recent discoveries have shed more light on these people with
the recent discovery of Sun worship at Stonehenge. Three pieces of evidence support the conclusion
that these ancient persons were of Armenian origin:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Although Menhirs exist all over Europe, three
major prehistoric stone erecting civilizations have been discovered - in Carahunge, Armenia;
Carnac, France
and Wiltshire, England. Of these the oldest
is the one in Armenia, followed by the civilization in Carnac France and
the most recent of the three, around 3100 BC, the one in England. Therefore
it does seem that the origins of this civilization lie in Armenia. However,
the civilization appears to have evolved in its movements as indicated by
an evolution of designs of their stone monuments</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">All
three civilizations worshiped the Sun that began with the worship of Sun
God Ari in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ancient Armenia
and apparently this worship moved with them</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">All
three civilizations spoke the common language group, Indo- Aryan, and it
seems that this language was propagated by these ancient Aryan people with
their movement into new areas.</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
“Stone” in Armenian is “kar” and “henge” or “hunj” is - voice, sound, echo in Armenian. Located near the city of Sisian
in the province of Syunik, 230 standing stones called “Zorats Karer”
(also known as Carahunge) is one of the ancient archeological sites on the territory of Armenia.<br />
<br />
It seems that the areas that
the Indo-Aryans of Armenian origin moved into were previously inhabited by a more
primitive people whom they were able to dominate with their more evolved language
and culture. An evidence of existing primitive people in the Stonehenge region comes from
a 33 metre-long burial mound containing a massive wooden building whose timber
foundations were spotted in the soil, predating Stonehenge.
The building is thought to have been a house of the dead where bizarre burial
rituals were played out. The rituals included exposure of the dead bodies, and
defleshing on a large forecourt, said Wolfgang Neuber, at the <a href="http://archpro.lbg.ac.at/" title="">Ludwig Boltzmann Institute</a>. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It does appear likely that with the coming in of new people to Stonehenge area,
both populations would have intermarried and merged. The Bell- Beaker culture
that spread throughout Europe after 2500 BC is
something that came later, marking the next major evolution of European culture
into more civilized human groups. However, a major cultural evolution in Europe
did not begin until the coming of Greek and Roman civilizations that benefited
greatly <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from the best of preceding three great
river valley civilizations of Asia and Egypt.<br />
<br />
It must be noted here that when Armenia is mentioned here it does not imply just the present day Armenia but a Indo-European speaking culture that extended westwards to include Southern Anatolia extending up to the <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Mediterranean region</span> (Ancient Menhirs have been found here too), the land of the Hattis according to Sumerians, and perhaps also extending eastwards through northern parts of present day Iran to the foothills of North Western India at a point where the ancient Saraswati river descended from the Himalayas, thus explaining the widespread prevalence of Indo-European languages in the old world that stretches from Ireland in the west to Northern India in the East. It is also likely that this expansion took place as the population expanded in prehistoric times and there was a constant need to look for new agricultural areas. It is interesting to note that present day Armenia and Zorats Karer is nearly central to this vast geographical belt. During this expansion through the old world the ancient Indo-European people would have encountered the Sumerian and Akkadian speaking people in present day Iraq as also perhaps Austric speaking people in India with whom they appeared to have intermingled in relative peace and not any major wars.</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">For recent reports on Stonehenge see:<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/sep/10/stonehenge-teeming-chapels-shrines-archaeology-research?CMP=twt_gu">http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/sep/10/stonehenge-teeming-chapels-shrines-archaeology-research?CMP=twt_gu</a>)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-15917921">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-15917921</a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Image modified from: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg</a>
This file is licensed under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share
Alike 2.0 Generic</a> license.</span><br />
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<![endif]--> Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-76139760292088286442014-08-28T07:26:00.001-07:002014-08-28T07:29:28.989-07:00Etymology of the Words ARYAN and ARMENIAN<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Oe9ghQWVCd8" width="480"></iframe> Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-57978715486231820572014-08-23T06:35:00.001-07:002018-05-31T22:37:09.734-07:00Reviving the Lost Sarasvati<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #741b47;"><i>"Ma Saraswati is eternal and can never really be lost, she merely hid herself from human eyes until such times as their hearts become pure enough to behold her."</i></span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>T</b></span></span>he Sarasvati (also spelt Saraswati)
River is one of the main
Rigvedic rivers mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Most of its route, except for its Himalayan connection as well as those in the south to the ocean, has been well known to both Indian and
International scholars as at least some of the present day seasonal river the Ghaggar- Hakra, especially the part that passes through Haryana and Rajasthan. This is well confirmed by an overwhelming body of both ancient as well as
modern scientific evidence. However, its northern connections and tributaries are not fully located yet. Similarly, the southern connections are also not fully known. In case the river is revived these may have to be reoriented in any case because of division of India. The identification of the Vedic
Sarasvati River
with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaggar-Hakra_River" title="Ghaggar-Hakra River">Ghaggar-Hakra River</a> was accepted by most
scholars as early as the 19th and early 20th century, including Christian
Lassen, Max Müller, Marc Aurel Stein, C.F. Oldham and Jane Macintosh amongst
others.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In his recent well argued and thorough study K. S. Valdiya
conclusively proves the fallacy of some modern studies that have deduced on the
basis of apparently erroneous evidence and arguments that the Saraswati did not originate in the Himalayas
and was merely a monsoonal river.(CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 104, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2013)</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf">http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf </a></div>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Nadistuti hymn in the Rigveda (10.75) mentions the
Sarasvati between the Yamuna in the east and the Sutlej
in the west, and later Vedic texts like Tandya and Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well
as the Mahabharata mention that the Sarasvati dried up in a desert. The goddess
Sarasvati was a personification of this river. The late Rigvedic Nadistuti
sukta enumerates all important rivers from the Ganges in the east up to the Indus in the west in a clear geographical order. Here (RV
10.75.5), the sequence "Ganges, Yamuna, Sarasvati, Shutudri" places
the Sarasvati between the Yamuna and the Sutlej,
which is consistent with the Ghaggar identification<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. </b>The wide river bed (paleo-channel) of the Ghaggar river suggest
that the river once flowed full of water during the great meltdown of the
Himalayan Ice Age glaciers, some 10,000 years ago, and that it then continued
through the entire region, in the presently dry channel of the Hakra River
emptying into the Rann of Kutch. It continued to flow with reducing flow until
perhaps around 1500 BC. Its peak flow may have been much earlier, thousands of years prior to that. Presently it is a seasonal monsoon river only, having been disconnected from its Himalayan source that may be the the Tons River and Baspa rivers that presently flow eastwards and westwards to merge with other rivers. During the active Indus valley phase the Sarasvati River was not just a monsoon river because it was possibly fed by tributaries from both Yamuna and Sutlej and also from the Himalayan glacial regions directly aside from the Shivaliks at a point somewhat west of the Yamuna but east of the Sutlej in the Himalayas, so as to become the mightiest of rivers of the time. This last river exit ( The Tons river) is likely to have changed its course somewhat due to seismic activity or landslides so that it began to flow into the Yamuna instead of southwards independantly dealing a blow to the Saraswati river in the dry months of the year.</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #20124d;">It seems clear from the Rigvedic description that it is not that the Sutlej or Yamuna rivers that have moved away from Saraswati River, because those rivers too existed in ancient times but rather it is the tributaries of Saraswati that have shifted away and begun to flow into the former rivers instead of the Saraswati River. The most important of these are The Baspa that flows into the Sutllej now and the Tons that now flows into the Yamuna.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8DZvhQMX1Ao6ZXUetoDYDQszOr1WzQxE7D895qYt81rzng41R-bfYExldSJtCj-V8RhfqIndzA4Fcw9SBpBgzvzl5cGANENaEOHU-SQhcD3UpsbLjHN4SJVqltHK_T9Nma-Px/s1600/Tons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8DZvhQMX1Ao6ZXUetoDYDQszOr1WzQxE7D895qYt81rzng41R-bfYExldSJtCj-V8RhfqIndzA4Fcw9SBpBgzvzl5cGANENaEOHU-SQhcD3UpsbLjHN4SJVqltHK_T9Nma-Px/s1600/Tons.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Saraswati River probabaly begins as the Tons in the Himalayas </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The Tons river develops from its tributaries the Rupin and Supin rivers. However, in ancient times it is very likely, although this needs more research to confirm it was in all liklihood fed by the Baspa River too before tectonic shifts altered its course to instead feed the Sutlej River. The beauty of the Baspa river can still be seen high up in the Himalayas near the Tibetan border where still dwell souls of pure hearts. A look at this and one will be forced to remark - This is it, This is it, This is the river that gave birth to civilization<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2u020aCUjF5q6eknBkLShmIIPf0rd0jOaO3fHIQWPhVDBC6y3opG6qcgD3Yqz9C3UM0ixkblTEO4jcoZV4syM_gK7F3X8sNIdSHte-FIPIPXGLi3sQ-Pb0H3y3wSiZ7JQHaHN/s1600/baspa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2u020aCUjF5q6eknBkLShmIIPf0rd0jOaO3fHIQWPhVDBC6y3opG6qcgD3Yqz9C3UM0ixkblTEO4jcoZV4syM_gK7F3X8sNIdSHte-FIPIPXGLi3sQ-Pb0H3y3wSiZ7JQHaHN/s1600/baspa.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Saraswati River can still be seen high in the Himalayas - The Baspa River</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Research points to the the ancient Saraswati river having
had a source in the glacial waters of the Himalayas. The theory states
that the Tons river became a tributary of the Yamuna a few thousand
years ago following a tectonic event in the Himalayas. If this be so, the Tons once ran an
independent course running south-west
into Haryana where other tributaries merged into it. This river was then the
Saraswati mentioned in the Vedic texts as the greatest of all Indian
rivers. However, all this is a matter for further research but the fact that the Saraswati river was the mightiest of rivers of its time is not in doubt as evident from the prominent Indus valley sites dotting its course. <i>Some scholars who say this river may have been another one in Afghanistan begin with an erroneous historical premise that Vedic Aryans originally lived in that region and later invaded the Indus valley civilization. A huge body of later evidence indicates that no such invasion ever took place but that migrations into the sub continent has been gradual and peaceful from both west and south stretching over centuries and millinnea and such migrations were peaceful ones </i><i>as different groups arrived from harsher northern environs and found the fertile plains of North West India conducive to settle down.</i><i> The exodus from the Indus valley was a result of climate changes and drying up of the Saraswati River.</i><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #351c75;">With the disappearance of the Saraswati River, the first organized and most sustainable civilization of mankind known as the Indus valley civilization in modern times quickly disappeared from the planet. But before it vanished it gave the seeds of civilization to the world beginning with Sumeria, followed soon after by the Nile valley, Athens, Rome, Europe and the New World. What it could however not transmit was its message of love, truth and lack of greed. Each quanta of civilsation was more advanced than the one that preceded yet each quanta of civilisation was also further removed from love, truth, peace and joy. It is for this reason that the more organized human societies became, growing from these initial seeds, the more stressed and miserable they became too.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4gmXiAd6wjoZR-G-zFhSUKBrBkP6_sgkeprye3V4azbSBxx2zLBLRf6PXIgfaszLJqyOqN7KLBeYKXp2-Q7_HrartwjHqYUZUjU7tJ-hcH8ONyqE7JP2wN2TgbRnkNCbDaS0C/s1600/800px-Bandarpunch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4gmXiAd6wjoZR-G-zFhSUKBrBkP6_sgkeprye3V4azbSBxx2zLBLRf6PXIgfaszLJqyOqN7KLBeYKXp2-Q7_HrartwjHqYUZUjU7tJ-hcH8ONyqE7JP2wN2TgbRnkNCbDaS0C/s1600/800px-Bandarpunch.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source of the Mighty Saraswati River most appropriately referred to as Saraswati Mountain Ranges</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<![endif]--><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The source of Tons river lies in the 6,315 meters high mountain presently known as bandarpunch. It is the most major perennial
Indian Himalayan rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself
which it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>now meets but did not
a few thousand years ago to become the Himalayan source of the Saraswati River. It should be most rightly be recognized as Saraswati Devi Mountain just as the Nanda Devi Mountain is regarded as a personification of Parvati Devi as a mountain, rather than the less respectful kaliyug names perhaps inspired by the Europeans who have explored these mountains in recent times.</span></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The drying up of the Sarasvati region may have been accelerated due to
natural solar cycles or due to man made causes very much like the present day
climate change. Recent studies suggest that deforestation rather than green
house gases are the major cause of climate change and this must have taken
place in the Indus valley civilization too
because of agricultural and rising human needs, eventually forcing the
civilization to abandon their cities along the Sarasvati and move eastwards
towards the greener Yamuna and Gangetic plains. Ancient humans had greener pastures to move to because much of the world was not inhabited then. Modern humans will have no such luxury because human population is already near the peak. Modern day climate control efforts may fall flat on their face if the widely held (although not universally held)assumption that greenhouse gases rather than deforestation is the cause of adverse climate changes is incorrect (<a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2014/04/a-new-perspective-on-climate-change.html">See this</a>). Since the beginning of time humans have given more credence to the most widely held belief rather than truth until it becomes too unreasonable such as the belief that the earth is flat.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
A clinching evidence in favor of identifying the Ghaggar-Hakra River
as the lost Sarasvati is recent archeological evidence that traces the cities
dotting the route including the most ancient site of Bhirrana and the largest
ancient Indus valley city of Rakhigarhi
(see map <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6HXQB1kzB05x2p2SvMsLIBHUB0NecMv3SV1zHafekkPviCRHj7fb7ELWgMuQNkuq3BbQNgwOzw0PMVRzrIJCGSnvNk1umP40pHtsNOsTEADaTjwBRRUnzVX4fjfoiNh2FPrrz/s1600/ScreenShot542.jpg">here</a>
). Although the Indus valley civilization is the name given to the ancient
civilization of the sub continent, the Sarasvati
River rather than the Indus was the centerline of this ancient
civilization<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and its more correct name
should have been the Sarasvati Valley Civilisation.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtffL_zVPiq8VaiQxRVAOiw61MGR4UuwWgVbDiXh6f3xx10j4pCk97mjjpBfiy3tpIKRTCVXe3CWyzZU0-C8i4_k918vMLqDSyOzI7ne3aNIEsTlQV70TBVIrdPcNUQ2qpYxPZ/s1600/ScreenShot542.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtffL_zVPiq8VaiQxRVAOiw61MGR4UuwWgVbDiXh6f3xx10j4pCk97mjjpBfiy3tpIKRTCVXe3CWyzZU0-C8i4_k918vMLqDSyOzI7ne3aNIEsTlQV70TBVIrdPcNUQ2qpYxPZ/s1600/ScreenShot542.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Saraswati Valley Civilization ( Indus Valley Civilization)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
In<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rigveda, RV 7.95.1-2, the Sarasvati is
described as: </div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>This stream Sarasvati with
fostering current comes forth, </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>Our sure defense, our fort of
iron.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>As on a chariot, the flood flows
on, </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>Surpassing in majesty and might
all other waters.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>Pure in her course from
mountains to the ocean,</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alone of streams Sarasvati hath listened.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>Thinking of wealth and the great
world of creatures, </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<i>She poured for Nahusa her milk
and robustness.</i></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheeYaXQAEpMhOVxeqUBFXHH1EbwAPf4XLKkEihLcAXzsERVrGCfJRFkfYENP2hJTZ8_IBBGyNtiGOllgI9Kfq7zys3fO7fW4z76T0-7_bxaWGP-HLsFl64tVWWmIpwl3hr1XS6/s1600/sushil-kumar-1406567760-2248802.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheeYaXQAEpMhOVxeqUBFXHH1EbwAPf4XLKkEihLcAXzsERVrGCfJRFkfYENP2hJTZ8_IBBGyNtiGOllgI9Kfq7zys3fO7fW4z76T0-7_bxaWGP-HLsFl64tVWWmIpwl3hr1XS6/s1600/sushil-kumar-1406567760-2248802.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sushil Kumar, amongst strongest of men in the world</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
The last line of this hymn reminds one that even with the few remanants of Saraswati that flow through Harayana today, that region has the strongest persons in the world, on a diet of milk and milk products rather than meat and synthetic drugs, such as the Olympian medal winner <a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2012/08/are-vegans-and-vegetarians-healthy.html">Sushil Kumar</a> the wrestler, who defeats and lifts up world champion wrestlers of the world as if holding up like a light chair before dashing them into the ground of defeat, as well as several others, including the Rajputs further along the course of the river in Rajasthan.<br />
<br />
It is also possible, although it remains to be investigated, that once the Tons river merged with the Yamuna river, its flow became so excessive that some it went underground to flow as an underground river under the present day Yamuna all the way to Allahabad in the east emerging as a river bottom spring and merging there at a point the Ganges and Yamuna rivers merge. Thus there may be truth to the hypothesis that the Saraswati that got lost from western India emerged at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triveni_Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>, Allahabad. <span style="color: #cc0000;">Even if the hypothesis of the invisible underground river is not true, there is no doubt that the sangam is a Triveni Sangam ever since a period when the Saraswati River mixed and hid itself within the Yamuna, the two goddess sisters flowing as one.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Reviving the Ancient
River</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
Reviving the ancient river would involve two major tasks<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Increasing
the flow of water at the north end of the Ghaggar river by channels connecting
to the Baspa and the Tons River through modern engineering to
restore at least some of its ancient flow.</div>
<div style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>A
part of this river enters modern day Pakistan it seems and therefore a new alignment
would have to be charted at this point, south-eastwards towards Ahmedabad perhaps, from
whence it may flow into the ocean as shown in the map.The precise alignment would depend on the natural topography of the area.</div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The attached map with this note shows a possible route for the Sarasvati
river. It is only an approximate schematic since precise topographic data is
not available to this author. However, it may offer a starting point to those
interested in reviving Ma Sarasvati River. They can iterate upon it keeping feasibility
and the ground situation in mind. Being a major project it can be developed in small phases, adding one connection at a time at its northern end while simultaneously working at its southern route to prevent it leaving the borders of India.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #351c75;"><i>It may be pointed out that some of the Indira Gandhi Canal system in Rajasthan may merge in Saraswati river or become its tributary if the river is revived. </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #351c75;">In case the Tons river is once again redirected to the Ghaggar, a feat easily implemented with help of modern engineering, as a result of this note or otherwise, it is requested that some of it must still be allowed to merge in the Yamuna ( perhaps in a fifty percent ratio) so as to preserve its flow and maintain the sanctity of the Yamuna plain as well as that of Triveni Sangam, the site of the Kumbh Mela. </span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #741b47;">There is a belief amongst some mystics, a belief this author does not doubt due to his mystical interests aside from technical and scientific ones, that goodness, truth and prosperity began to vanish from India and the world as the waters of this river dried up and shall return only when this river is revived. One may not free oneself of substantial sin in bathing in the waters of Saraswati as one may by bathing in the waters of the Ganges because Ma Saraswati appears only when humans free of substantial sin dwell in the land, and when men free of substantial sin dwell in the world, when they stop crucifying symbols of truth and stop terrible atrocities on innocent helpless humans, even children, proclaiming proudly in unison with the richest and strongest countries of the world that it is their right to do so, a right to defend their stolen gains. Instead, when men shed substantial and obvious sin, she blesses them with substantial health and knowledge from her right hands and prosperity and peace from the left hands, beckoning all such to her gates with her sweet music" </span></blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsUQeHOG9LeUWRVS_-Qw5AfJX3dW8NoDPZnVy4SdltiZKcPdnQMVZDqT4Q0HNfA0bHM372LY2IUs2yuh8zbKIwsjI0MqACtgUFEVSS1bm4DiR7p6kCxDc2WlIQ9B3_G-iBZ-8i/s1600/maa-saraswati-wallpaper-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsUQeHOG9LeUWRVS_-Qw5AfJX3dW8NoDPZnVy4SdltiZKcPdnQMVZDqT4Q0HNfA0bHM372LY2IUs2yuh8zbKIwsjI0MqACtgUFEVSS1bm4DiR7p6kCxDc2WlIQ9B3_G-iBZ-8i/s1600/maa-saraswati-wallpaper-5.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Jai Ma Sarasvati</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><span style="color: #274e13;">UPDATE MAY 2018:</span><span style="color: #274e13;"><br /></span><span style="color: #274e13;">A recent brief note extracting the scholarly portion of this note updated with recent references is available for viewing or downloading online at</span><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">> <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/380650060/Tracing-the-Origin-of-Saraswati-River-to-Tons-and-Baspa-Rivers">https://www.scribd.com/document/380650060/Tracing-the-Origin-of-Saraswati-River-to-Tons-and-Baspa-Rivers</a></span></span></b></blockquote>
<span style="color: #274e13;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #274e13;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Map extracted and
developed from the map at:<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:India_topo_big.jpg"> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:India_topo_big.jpg</a> this document under
the terms of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="w:en:GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
Version 1.2</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Mountain image adapted and modified from:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandarpunch.jpg"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandarpunch.jpg </a>This work is licensed under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative
Commons</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0</a> License.</i></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Tons
River photo, Courtesy
Ajay Bhandari, Flickr <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajayb/2636385086/">https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajayb/2636385086/ </a>Some rights reserved as indicated at link </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Baspa River Photo courtesy<a href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-road-to-fun/article625123.ece"> http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-road-to-fun/article625123.ece </a>A memorable walk amidst flowers, at Raksham. And, the Baspa
river. Photo: Rishad Saam Mehta </i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Some modifications have been effected in all images before posting here
</i></span></div>
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Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-11954446288975715362014-05-19T21:57:00.002-07:002014-05-19T22:24:28.040-07:00Human clothing colors in twenty first century<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGux98b54haVbmP3YR_ivwgvImZW2gdWOfIIO9ADPwPBx9J85bNNJn3-sAw6tTw4wVyD2mhLny3ousPu-TrnbmunIWKGOHRLW3Uk3LdygPFbOKx9x_FTJ7OiLv8ypDoInVkcft/s1600/huntsmen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGux98b54haVbmP3YR_ivwgvImZW2gdWOfIIO9ADPwPBx9J85bNNJn3-sAw6tTw4wVyD2mhLny3ousPu-TrnbmunIWKGOHRLW3Uk3LdygPFbOKx9x_FTJ7OiLv8ypDoInVkcft/s1600/huntsmen.jpg" height="182" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clothing color in Europe a few centuries ago</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><b>E</b></span></span>ver since Eve ate that mythical apple most humans have felt the need to
wear clothes. The earliest clothing consisted of natural materials like leaves,
grasses and animal skins and these materials decided the color of clothing. However
as civilization progressed other colors were introduced in man made fabrics.</div>
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<br /></div>
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It is interesting to see what the favorite clothing colors
of modern humans is. Usually it is the colors chosen by the elite, the rich, famous and
beautiful that set the trend, and these can be ascertained quickly through a
Google search using carefully selected key words. The search showed that
favorite modern dress colors are shades of red and blue along with liberal use
of black and white too including gray in male clothing. Shades range from pastel to dark and consist of solid colors in clothing. Use of prints is rare as still common in tribal cultures. Green is used rarely and yellow or orange almost never except as
a shade of gold in some celebrity clothing. Brown to appears to be out. The fascinating results can be seen
at the following collection (click on the link) of <b><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><a href="https://www.google.co.in/search?q=dress+colors+caans&sa=N&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=dRR4U6_GOcm8ugTs84HgBA&ved=0CIMBELAEOBQ&biw=995&bih=561">google images </a></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #444444;">The link given above is a living link that is updated continuously by Google as new data is added.</span><b><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></b></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-5717119802109250842013-09-22T06:55:00.001-07:002018-05-05T21:08:56.196-07:00Indus Valley and Atlantis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc_plu1acy8k9FUumbTFl7O75IdCsMIhf7BlVjCoLJGIH3pc-OM9G_R6Pp35XaWgV_wEtPW5EQxJlCzB9d3RNrdHEvoqWQv40HxyJXsgqgD0PUQRPBBdR8pZrEJRBCX1t7p3IY/s1600/Indus+valley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="571" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc_plu1acy8k9FUumbTFl7O75IdCsMIhf7BlVjCoLJGIH3pc-OM9G_R6Pp35XaWgV_wEtPW5EQxJlCzB9d3RNrdHEvoqWQv40HxyJXsgqgD0PUQRPBBdR8pZrEJRBCX1t7p3IY/s1600/Indus+valley.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ancient civilization in the land of two rivers Saraswati and Indus known in modern times as Indus Valley often because the Saraswati River has mostly been lost since ancient times, from tectonic shifts or climate change or both</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-size: x-large;"><b>B</b></span>etween three and four thousand BC three great river valley civilisations with planned urban areas sprang up in three different parts of the world - Indus Valley, Sumeria and Nile valley in Egypt. recent archeological findings at Bhirrana near Delhi push back the origins of the Indus valley civilisation to 7500 BC i.e the oldest of the three. Even Mehrgarh dates to 7000 BC showing the extent of the early Indus valley civilisation extended from Mehrgarh in the East to at least Bhirana in the west. Recent excavations in the gulf of Kambhat suggest that in the south the civilization extended up to the ocean coast. By 5500 BC all these sites had a fairly developed urban culture that predates Sumerian civilization by around two thousand years.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<a href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ljfXtPZHUSi5eG8Di1n9YO/History--What-their-lives-reveal.html">Rakhigarhi,</a> located around 150 km from Delhi, housed the largest city of
the Indus Valley civilisation. Even at a conservative 6,000 years old, it is 1,000 years
older than Mohenjodaro, Harappa and Uruk,Sumeria. It is believed that the city was
located near the now extinct Saraswati river. Therefore it does seem that urban civilisation marched from this direction first to Sumeria and later Egypt. This is especially evident because it is well known now that Sumerians were dark people of foreign origin with their own language distinct from the language of surrounding people. The contact between the Sumerian and Indus civilisation did not end with the first migration but continued well into later centuries and milleniums. A description of such later interactions can be found at <a href="http://vamadevananda.wordpress.com/2012/12/20/journal-the-river-sarawati-and-its-people/">http://vamadevananda.wordpress.com/2012/12/20/journal-the-river-sarawati-and-its-people/</a><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It has also been established now with near certainty that ancient Sumerian belongs to the Austric group of languages of South Asia and that it is not a linguistic isolate. There is a separate post on that in this blog. Recent highly rigorous scientific DNA studies by <span class="author" rel="dc:creator"><span class="person">Henryk W. Witas et al. </span></span>support such a migration theory (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073682">http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073682</a>) from the Indian Sub-continent to ancient Mesopotamia.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
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The first known examples of writing may have been unearthed at an
archaeological dig in Indus valley. and Ttrident-shaped markings have been found on fragments of
pottery dating back 5500 years. According to Dr Richard Meadow of Harvard University, the director of the Harappa
Archaeological Research Project, these primitive inscriptions found on pottery
appear to pre-date all other known writing. Clay tablets containing primitive words
were uncovered in southern Egypt
at the tomb of a king named Scorpion. They were carbon-dated to 3300-3200 BC.
This is about the same time to the primitive writing
developed by the Sumerians of the Mesopotamian civilization around 3100 BC.
"It's a big question as to if we can call what we have found true
writing," he told BBC News Online, "but we have found symbols that
have similarities to what became Indus script.
(<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/334517.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/334517.stm</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The summary as reported here is based on recent findings and there is a
silence about some of the new findings amongst many historians because
they upset long held and cherished views on the history of human
civilization which in the past was based on presumptions in the absence of evidence.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmjnB_YRkEnumWv_0pmL_gENss1E33AAbPL9Lhlw08V_V5PnzJsqA7tPh0sOK7MMT17D7we8fxTO49VROaUAkUrnPWaqhBHjKi73OAZKr673uXnqOrJMNHvalvSpBdxwdU_pOx/s1600/civilisation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmjnB_YRkEnumWv_0pmL_gENss1E33AAbPL9Lhlw08V_V5PnzJsqA7tPh0sOK7MMT17D7we8fxTO49VROaUAkUrnPWaqhBHjKi73OAZKr673uXnqOrJMNHvalvSpBdxwdU_pOx/s1600/civilisation.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spread of civilisation in the ancient world</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Scholars
differ in their opinion about the race of Indus people and more study is needed in this direction. The picture is complicated due to the presence of a racial mix that varied in time and space over the extent of the civilisation. It appears that Indus Valley Civilization had been a combination of
diverse racial elements. In fact this peaceful mixing of races is what may have spurred the inventions of early civilisation. Certain anthropological investigations and
examinations of human remains show that four racial types existed in
this civilization namely Proto-Australiod, Mediterranean, Alpinoid and
the Mongoloid. The racial diversity is the precise reason why scholars have not been able to arrive at a definite conclusion about the race of the Indus valley people. The Indus valley region was a fertile civilized land with moderate climate attractive for immigrants from all over the old world to come and settle in. Such an immigration into the sub-continent has continued until recent times and the most recent language that has been brought into the sub-continent is English. In early days days of low population density and large portions of the country yet to be discovered, immigrants would have been welcome. The Australoid type and Armenoid types appear to be a prominent strains in early samples in a ratio exceeding four is to one as in early Sumeria. The earliest contribution to urban human civilization may well have been a contribution spurred by a racial mix of Armenian origin and Australoid races. In fact a racial mix is something that has been asserted to in ancient Sanskrit literature as well such as the Mahabharata and the Vedas, with some persons being described as black and others white. It is a racial mix that continues up to modern times in South Asia.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It is possible that just as in Sumeria the language gradually changed from Sumerian Austric to Semetic Akkadian, in the Indus valley it gradually changed from an ancient Austric language similar to archaic Tamil to Indo European languages, not because of any invasion as some early western scholars presumed but becuase of how the numbers fell. Absolutely no archeological evidence of any invasion has been discovered. Some of the early historians had assumed that the advanced Indus valley civilisation disintegrated because of an invasion by barbarians from the north west and that was the reason that the region became less civilized and remained so for another thousand years. These early invasion theories have been ruled out as fanciful now although immigration in small batches appears to have been a continuous process in the region.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The disintegration of the civilization and the movement of its people towards the South,North and East appears to have been because of climatic changes and changes in the course of rivers that sustained the earlier urban civilization of Indus valley. Austric languages still continue in southern India and amongst tribal people of central India. An invasion assumption appears to be a part of western heritage, perhaps because of a history of colonisation. Even in western science fiction, whenever visits of aliens is envisaged, it is often in the form of an invasion, a concept that is viewed as strange in the East since a friendly entry is by far the more civilized thing to do as compared to war.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="color: #351c75;">"Available evidence as of now in the year 2013 appears to suggest that ancient Indus Valley was the crucible in which people from far away places such as the Armenian Highlands, Catalhouyk, Jericho and other places came together with the local Australoid population as far back as 7500 BC - 3500BC to pool together their knowledge and develop the earliest innovations of human civilization such as metallurgy, agriculture, animal rearing, trading, irrigation, grain storage, writing, bricked buildings, planned urban areas and a structure for governance of large areas that included both urban centers, that were the hubs of trading, religion and governance along with rural areas as hubs of agriculture; on the fertile and climatically moderate plains of Indus valley.</span>"</i></blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The abandonment of Indus valley cities by its people, subsequent to the drying up of the region, carried seeds of civilization to other more fertile parts of the sub-continent so that by the time of Buddha around a thousand years later, Eastern India with its centers at Benares and Patna became the most developed and learned part of the sub-continent.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This is presently speculation, and more scientific evidence is awaited, but the mythical Atlantis story may have been the ancient submerged coastal city known as Dwarka in ancient Sanskrit literature. It was surrounded on all sides by water and has been described in Sanskrit texts as the most advanced part of the civilization in this region just prior to its submergence. It is on the coastal portion of Indus civilization as shown on the map. It is coastal cities that often develop the most in many parts of the world because of their greater trade interactions by both land and far away sea ports. Detailed discussion of these topics is available in other posts of this blog as well as in:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ashokmalhotra.wordpress.com/2013/09/19/atlantis-myth-or-reality/">http://ashokmalhotra.wordpress.com/2013/09/19/atlantis-myth-or-reality/</a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">It is worth noting that as per archeological findings most early sites were along the now dried up Sarasvati River (see for <a href="http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2014/08/reviving-lost-sarasvati.html">maps here</a>) rather than the Indus River which was the lesser of the two rivers at the peak of this civilization. Therefore in reality the name of this earliest civilisation is Sarasvati (also spelt Saraswati) Valley civilization rather than the Indus Valley civilization. </span></div>
</blockquote>
Dwarka was then the port city at a point where the Saraswati River met the Ocean <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Map adapted from <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spread_of_Oecumene_Mesopotamia.jpg">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spread_of_Oecumene_Mesopotamia.jpg</a>
This file is licensed under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</a> license. The image has been modified before use here.</i></span></div>
</div>
<br /></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-71859836825323222712013-09-18T05:53:00.001-07:002014-08-01T10:17:56.414-07:00Why did the Catalhoyuk people make doors in the roof?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMc4s_UKOyOy2uY0GCuH2mxQXPMS79FgE1JHOvyMQBIzsuzLzMjoBqOFk0OIVF_F0AaNh4zOD9-IBR6x2dxG66T0fwjaeB3WrZq09S-Aa7sRLnEuOHMJQg_-ahTPHQWUJGd38/s1600/Catal_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_home.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMc4s_UKOyOy2uY0GCuH2mxQXPMS79FgE1JHOvyMQBIzsuzLzMjoBqOFk0OIVF_F0AaNh4zOD9-IBR6x2dxG66T0fwjaeB3WrZq09S-Aa7sRLnEuOHMJQg_-ahTPHQWUJGd38/s320/Catal_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_home.jpg" height="320" width="274" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Catalhoyuk home witha door in the roof</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Catalhoyuk was a large Neolithic proto city settlement in southern Anatolia. It is a remarkable example<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC. The city was
abandoned for unknown reasons before the Bronze age commenced. It is one of the few
of the earliest known cities in the world.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The inhabitants lived in mud-brick houses that were crammed
together in an agglutinative manner. No footpaths or streets were used between
the dwellings, which were clustered in a honeycomb-like maze. Most were
accessed by holes in the ceiling, with doors reached by ladders and stairs. The
rooftops were effectively streets. The ceiling openings also served as the only
source of ventilation, allowing smoke from the houses' open hearths and ovens
to escape. Houses had plaster interiors characterized by squared-off timber
ladders or steep stairs. Each main room served for cooking and daily
activities. The main rooms contained raised platforms that may have been used
for a range of domestic activities. Side rooms were used as storage, and were
accessed through low openings from main rooms. Although no identifiable temples
have been found, the graves, murals, and figurines suggest that the people of Catalhoyuk
had a religion rich in symbols. Rooms with concentrations of these items may
have been temples. The inhabitants were worshipers of the mother goddess. In
upper levels of the site, it becomes apparent that the people gaining skills in
agriculture and the domestication of animals and fruit were harvested from
trees in the surrounding hills. However, hunting continued to be a major source
of food for the community. Pottery and tools appear to have been major
industries Tools were probably both used and also traded. This is where the
oldest pottery known from Anatolia has been
found. The oldest pottery was fired, unpainted and unglazed and had a very
simple bag shaped form.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
A question that shall trouble a modern observer about this
civilization is the use of a home with a very difficult door opening in the
roof rather than on the side that is far more convenient, safer from the
elements and intruders and easier to construct. What could be the reason for
such an opening? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
One possibility is that these dwelling were made by a people
who lived in pits dug inside the earth prior to making such homes. In pit homes,
precisely this type of roof openings are required. The question then arises –
are there any examples of pit dwelling from around the time? The answer is yes
and this takes us to the Pre Harappan civilization in North-west India. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bhirrana</span> is a small village located in
in the Indian state of Haryana. It belongs to the Indus Valley Civilisation
dating from around 7500 BC too. <sup> </sup>The site is situated about
220 km to the northwest of New
Delhi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Bhirrana excavations have revealed the remains of the Harappan culture right from
its nascent stage, i.e. Hakra Wares Culture to a full-fledged Mature Harappan
city. Prior to the excavation of Bhirrana, no Hakra Wares culture, predating the
Early Harappan had been exposed in any Indian site. For the first time, the
remains of this culture have been exposed at Bhirrana. This culture is
characterised by structures in the form of subterranean dwelling pits, cut into
the natural soil. The walls and floor of these pits were plastered with the
yellowish alluvium of the Saraswati valley. The artefacts of this period
comprised a copper bangle, a copper arrowhead, bangles of terracotta, beads of
carnelian, lapis lazuli, bone point, stone saddle etc.. The
pottery is very rich and like their Anatolian contemporaries these
early pre Harappans too were worshipers of Mother Goddess. A connection
between and a common root of both these ancient people is very possible.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Image from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catal_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Restoration_B.jpg</span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-12142625265785909252013-09-16T05:35:00.000-07:002014-09-24T10:33:59.926-07:00Sumerian not a Linguistic Isolate but an Austric Language - Archaic Tamil<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Some seven years ago when I wrote a blog post (and also an ezine article)on the Sumerian
language, describing why I thought that it was not a linguistic isolate but
belonged to the Austric group of languages, some linguistic historians scoffed
at the suggestion. It seems they were so seeped in existing theories that they
did not want to open their mind to new thoughts as is common in many areas of
knowledge since ancient times. The old post is here</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006/09/tracing-origin-of-ancient-sumerians.html">http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006/09/tracing-origin-of-ancient-sumerians.html</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Since this post several new studies have emerged that have
described the close similarities between Sumerian and Archaic Tamil. The modern
form of that language is still spoken by millions in southern India and its
archaic version is well documented. The Similarities between Sumerian and
Archaic Tamil are not just ephemeral but clear. Not just words are similar but
entire sentences and one would have to be blind not to see that both
languages belong to a common group. There are several references and
discussions on it on the net now that an interested reader can find for example,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.araichchi.com/Sumeria/Sumeria_Linguistics.html">http://www.araichchi.com/Sumeria/Sumeria_Linguistics.html</a><br />
<br />
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<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
An
older study by Muttarayan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has provided
hundreds of lexical correspondences and other linguistic data supporting the
family relationship between Sumerian and Dravidian languages.(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Muttarayan, K. L., <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">J. Tamil Stud.</span>, 1975, </i><b>7</b>, 41–61.)Recently this author has discovered that there are several older studies comparing Tamil and Sumerian that have been ignored by the main stream scholars. There is a need now for a rigorous compilation of all these older works into a comprehensive comparison.</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Tamil, especially Archaic Tamil although classified in a different Dravid group is either a more
developed subset or has a close relationship with the Austric/Australoid group of
languages as different from the Indo-European group.. Although upon further reflection some of the statements of the original article need revision however its central assertion that Sumerian is not an isolated language but rather belongs to the Austric group of languages appears to be verified. it may be pointed out that blog posts are not written as carefully as scholarly articles but that does not mean that none of them contain any valuable information. They can serve to articulate an idea that may later be pursued with the thoroughness and referencing required for a peer reviewed journal article.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Thus the original deduction of this author stands
vindicated that ancient Sumerian was not an isolated language but rather belonged to the Austric group of languages.This language has been identified as Archaic Tamil</b></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-44140387149972354072013-08-30T23:08:00.000-07:002014-07-03T14:44:37.984-07:00Men came from Mars and Women from Venus<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9yKR-LxvTousjJGnbS7uG1retb0K6197C2_HA7H6cs2NSMFSi_9HAZdzxRPu5U4PM8PWokkWUW9Zaak1zWRVLO9lH8-I9G3ciCrd4ya4AZTvMDWA0rf6LWrHK4T7teFvqJqcP/s1600/Light+and+Dark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9yKR-LxvTousjJGnbS7uG1retb0K6197C2_HA7H6cs2NSMFSi_9HAZdzxRPu5U4PM8PWokkWUW9Zaak1zWRVLO9lH8-I9G3ciCrd4ya4AZTvMDWA0rf6LWrHK4T7teFvqJqcP/s1600/Light+and+Dark.jpg" height="309" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
There were reports in the media recently that conditions
were conducive for creation of life on Mars at one time and that life may
have come to earth from that planet. I was reminded of the old adage that Men
are from mars and the Women from Venus. However, it is not necessary to limit
one’s imagination to just Mars or Venus once one has read and understood the
theory of Panspermia (or its modification Pansmeria) described in several posts of this blog. The posts
describe in detail how it is possible for bacteria in hibernation to arrive on
Earth from virtually any part of the universe, from far away galaxies and even
other galaxies over millions and billions of years. Within these bacteria are
the genetic codes for all life forms that exist on earth and those that are yet
to appear. Bacteria even carry the gene of advanced life forms on a planet because they can be infected by viruses carrying break away genes from advanced life forms. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #134f5c;">The genetic make up of bacteria is such as can be modified easily, and once modified replicate as they multiply by duplication rather than sexual reproduction that tends to eliminate such modification during reproduction. It does seem that it is at the level of bacteria and viruses that creation of new life forms takes place and it is an ongoing process, with most new variation rejected but few becoming a part of the genetic pool of life in the universe. It is only when a gene is integrated in a higher life form that it can be perpetuated near endlessly because of a continuous rejection of erroneous mutations through the process of sexual reproduction</span><b><br /></b></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-74423324437112081522013-08-03T22:05:00.002-07:002014-08-19T11:12:53.078-07:00Deleting some old Posts<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirL-t9mvwd67UIj4sOzsDPRZ68WxZB9QCd24P3Hy9pa1ztmpSrQZ_Ahne2C8SHr4ZCwav5DNjDfsrZ5y3HwhYs3oi06hudxVwKk7WE3w6dW_tNwEgLIuuyXRep6QrMZ3KO3T4g/s1600/sun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirL-t9mvwd67UIj4sOzsDPRZ68WxZB9QCd24P3Hy9pa1ztmpSrQZ_Ahne2C8SHr4ZCwav5DNjDfsrZ5y3HwhYs3oi06hudxVwKk7WE3w6dW_tNwEgLIuuyXRep6QrMZ3KO3T4g/s320/sun.jpg" height="247" width="320" /></a>I do not visit this blog frequently nowadays while my attention is focused on another blog. However, I hope that my interest will be rekindled sooner or later and there would be more new posts. It has been retained because many of its posts are relevant and were ahead of their times when published. However, on a review today I discovered that there were also a few that were a bit too speculative and did not match up with the other posts. therefore three of them were deleted today. In the meantime if any reader wishes to enter a query or comment on any of the earlier posts, please do so I shall know through an email alert and respond quickly.</div>
<a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.com/">http://someitemshave.blogspot.com</a> Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-37422177087619624992013-03-31T20:51:00.001-07:002014-08-19T11:13:57.242-07:00New name and New Look<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Today I visited this blog and gave it a new name and a new look that is easier on the mind and eyes. I do not post much in this blog nowadays but it has valuable material that was gathered through strenuous work at one time, therefore it has been preserved. The new title ' Darwinism Revisited' attempts to explain what that blog contains. It attempts to explain how life was created on our wonderful planet based om modern scientific thinking. It does not necessarily negate what is contained in the scriptures but views these merely recorded in metaphors as suitable for the times in which they were composed.</div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-46989794703435191352012-08-24T05:55:00.000-07:002015-07-22T05:47:56.310-07:00Bacteria, the foundation of life<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">B</span>acteria are often maligned as the causes of human and
animal disease. However that is true only for some bacteria. In fact bacteria
are the basis for life. Without them no life at all would have been possible on
our planet. Bacteria is a plural word. The singular for this word is
“bacterium. They have one chromosome of double-stranded DNA in a ring and most
are friendly. Only a few cause disease. But then what life form is there
including plants and animals, a few of whom do not cause problems. Bacteria are life
because they can multiply by duplication. However, they do not multiply by
mating as higher life forms do. In the process, occasionally there are genetic
mutations that are preserved, creating new genes. In higher life forms most
chance mutations are eliminated by matching between male and female genes
during multiplications. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Thus bacteria are at the foundation of creation of life
forms. This is where creation of new life forms begins.The genes of more advanced creatures including humans are identical to
bacterial genes and that is the source from which they have been derived.
Bacteria can transfer their genes to other life forms through a variety of
natural processes. Bacterial genes are enclosed in a cell wall but within
that wall they do not have a protective nucleus to protect the genes further
thus making the modification of bacterial genes much easier than the genes in
cells of higher life forms. A type of bacteria called cynobacteria, the
basic cell type of plants is responsible for producing oxygen. Without them
oxygen breathing life forms would not have been possible.</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Although bacteria do not carry out sexual multiplication
they do appear to enjoy sex of a different kind and are in fact quite promiscuous. They have appendages called
pilli. This hollow, hair like structures made of protein allow bacteria to
attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer
of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. They must enjoy the process, otherwise why would they do it? That is how they transfer
antibiotic immunity from one bacteria to another. Bacteria can acquire new
genes by taking up DNA molecules (e.g., a plasmid) from their surroundings or
from other bacteria.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Bacteria respond to variations in their environment by
altering their <span class="ontologytermlink">gene</span> expression pattern;
thus, they express different enzymes depending on the carbon sources and other
nutrients available to them as well as toxins in the environment that can
damage them. Bacterial <span class="glossarytermlink">gene regulation</span> is
extremely efficient and the bacterial genome is highly organized. Bacteria
appear to adopt perfectly to a variety of environments, and they are ready
to respond to whatever environmental changes they encounter by employing
elegant and complex regulatory mechanisms.Higher life forms that emerge from the synthesis of such bacteria thus emerge already adopted to the environment, even that of new planets.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A modern theory of creation called Panspermia postulates
that life has arrived on earth by a transfer of bacteria from outer space. How
this transfer takes place and how bacterial genes set in motion the creation of
life forms is discussed in this blog. The particular adaptation and postulates
of this blog have been given the name pansmeria.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
To read more about the role bacteria play in life and its creation check out an older post of this blog at <a href="http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006/09/microbes-beginning-of-life.html">http://alienaccount.blogspot.in/2006/09/microbes-beginning-of-life.html </a><br />
<br />
On a philosophical view of the pain that bacteria cause see:<br />
<a href="http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2015/07/bacteria-source-of-life-and-pain.html">http://someitemshave.blogspot.in/2015/07/bacteria-source-of-life-and-pain.html </a></div>
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Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-14310447260825815712010-08-13T05:43:00.000-07:002014-08-19T11:11:36.531-07:00Hi<b>An Explanation</b>:<br />
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One may wish to enquire why the contents of this blog have been presented as fiction rather than Science. The reason is although large portions of the posts are treated scientifically, there are portions that are not yet backed by hard science. To write it as a scientific article would have required much more rigor. As fiction one may take liberties. Some of the speculations of Pansmeria have now become part of Scientific Panspermia (since 2006). I believe other parts too would become part of science with time. Some small sections may will undoubtedly be proved to be erroneous or in need of modification. However these changes shall not in the main change the hypothesis. Much more speculative liberty has been taken in the historical sections dealing with some early civilizations.</div>
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The second question that a reader may ask is why post the matter as if from the mouth of an Alien. The reason is that there is deliberate writing and an inspired one. With inspired writing one becomes an instrument of a higher force. I cannot say with certainty what the source of inspiration was. Perhaps it was an advanced being of the universe who cannot travel easily to earth, but his thoughts can, provided there is someone to receive them willingly.</div>
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<b>Pansmeria</b><br />
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This blog contains the story of human creation and some of the earliest human attempts at creating a civilized society. The story is written as if through the mouth of an Alien. A new word Pansmeria (the smeria part is pronounced as in sumeria in honour of one of the first leading human civilisations on earth). The pansmeria theory may be regarded as a variation (this author's elaboration and interpretation) of the widely known theory of Panspermia.</div>
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In order to appreciate it the posts have to read in the chronological order. Blogger posts the latest post first so they have to be read bottom up beginning with the first post of 2006 posted on Sept 14th.You can do that easily by clicking on the drop down menu to the left. Click on 2006, then click on September and the list of posts will be displayed, then click on September 14 first and so on.</div>
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Enjoy. Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-1159369341545679782006-10-27T07:59:00.000-07:002014-08-20T10:28:18.133-07:00Tracing the origin of Ancient Sumerians<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdLruAkbAp3QtJN81WNXAEWWbscPjwaGzrKVMElS2KXLTNerbdBuBU_MU3qnU3npW5D5Q8SeuYFMwS5wSBOV5q_U5J1yTy__1dPYLkheGesJc46spul4p0dSd51C8BTb12IJkP/s1600/Khashkhamer_seal_moon_worship.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdLruAkbAp3QtJN81WNXAEWWbscPjwaGzrKVMElS2KXLTNerbdBuBU_MU3qnU3npW5D5Q8SeuYFMwS5wSBOV5q_U5J1yTy__1dPYLkheGesJc46spul4p0dSd51C8BTb12IJkP/s320/Khashkhamer_seal_moon_worship.jpg" height="248" width="320" /></a></div>
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It is of considerable interest to trace where the ancient Sumerians emerged from because of their primary contribution to human civilization. It was suggested that Sumerians appeared in Southern Mesopotamia around five and half thousand years ago carrying with them the seeds of civilization. It was also suggested that they migrated from the west coast of India. The fact that they were not a local people is suggested by the fact that their language belongs to a completely different and isolated group. There are two further lines of investigation one may adopt to confirm this hypothesis. The first is to explore for other groups in India with a similar language and the second is to carry out a physical examination of the Sumerian skeletons as available at the present time to detect racial similarities.</div>
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In western India there are a number of tribal groups that have existed from ancient times. Today many live on the fringes of mainstream communities as exist in India today. The mainstream communities belong to either the Indo-Aryan or Dravidian linguistic groups. Sumerian does not belong to either. As regards the tribal, it is now fruitless to look for any similarities between Sumerian and present tribal languages in India because over thousands of years their original languages have disappeared because of the overwhelming influence of other languages. The western tribal communities of India now speak modified versions or mixtures of the mainstream languages. However, all is not lost because although the tribal in India such as kols and Bheels have been overly influenced, it is not so with some of their branches that migrated further east towards Australia in ancient times, and form a branch of the same human groups. One may then look for similarities between Sumerian and Austric languages. This study has in fact been already done and the consensus is a resounding, yes. The austric languages are indeed similar to ancient Sumerian. The similarities are so numerous and clear that they are beyond doubt or a result of any chance coincidence. (The Austric Origin of the Sumerian Language, Language Form, vol. 22, no.1-2, Jan.-Dec. 1996.) Therefore now it may be said with confidence that ancient Sumerian is not a linguistic isolate. It belongs to the australoid/ austric group of languages. They belong to this group because the ancient tribal people of Indian west coast also belonged to the same group of people, and it is from here that they must have migrated to Mesopotamia. Both the Australoid and Austric type are found in India. There are clear reasons to rule out any other location for the Sumerian migration: Western India is geographically close to Southern Mesopotamia as compared to south East Asia and Australia and there are no know instances of civilization east of the Indus valley around five thousand years ago. Such evidence has been found in the Indus valley. The second study concerns physical examination of Sumerian skulls. Buxton and Rice have found that of 26 Sumerian crania they examined 22 were Australoid or Austrics. Further According to Penniman who studied skulls from other Sumerian sites, the Australoid Eurafrican, Austric and Armenoid were the "racial" types associated with the Sumerians. Here is Penniman's description of the Austric type found at Sumer: "These people are of medium stature, with complexion and hair like those of the Eurafrican, to which race they are allied with dark eyes, and oval faces, broad noses, rather feeble jaws, and slight sinewy bodies." This description also closely describes the regal person seen on a famous clay tablet from the Indus Valley. This same tribe in an evolved version undoubtedly established the Indus civilization as well as the Sumerian one after the submergence of their coastal cities. In North-western India they would have encountered Neolithic people of Indo-European origin with which manpower they established the Indus cities. An analysis of skeletal remains from Indus valley confirms this mixture. Both the IndoSumerian-austric language must then have persisted side by side as in Mesopotamia with the official language of the rulers being IndoSumerian-austric. Just as in Mesopotamia, ancient Sumerian was replaced by the language of the majority(Akkadians) in the Indus valley it would have been replaced eventually by an Indo-Aryan language. At what precise moment in history this occurred is not certain but most probably the Sumerian language disappeared from India by 2000 BC. In this latter case there was no question of preserving it for ritual purposes either. This is because the IndoSumerian-Austric language never developed as a fully written language in India to inscribe full texts. In any case, a better Indo-Aryan language with its own full-fledged script soom emerged probably because of Hittite influences in the Indian sub-continent around that time.</div>
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UPDATE: September 16, 2013</div>
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At the time this post was written some seven years ago, it was ahead of its time and the suggestion that Sumerian language is not a linguistic isolate but belongs to the Austric group was shunned by many Many linguistic historians. Since then new studies have emerged that have shown a clear similarity between archaic Tamil, a language belonging to the Austric group and still spoken in its modern form in southern India by millions. and Sumerian, not just words but also whole sentences. Just search through the internet for the relevant references since presently I was involved with another project, - my new book, the Babaji Affair. However, here is one quick reference to begin with <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/sumeriantamil/tamil-sumerian-turkish">https://sites.google.com/site/sumeriantamil/tamil-sumerian-turkish</a></div>
Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-1159193986618225832006-10-25T07:16:00.000-07:002014-09-21T23:10:03.188-07:00Origin of Egyptian Civilization<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSnorbEYJXbsWCrzBPeG0PN4uY7wpVA_07i50e46bnpvPz_Wzyp1cRo-4HmcB2rda0KT982fmq8XlVaYgAURu8u-Pm9VUr6fSBvbibeEkBdrEfslxV9V2IxaNVbsPaEmPHN1Dh/s1600/egyptian-gods.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSnorbEYJXbsWCrzBPeG0PN4uY7wpVA_07i50e46bnpvPz_Wzyp1cRo-4HmcB2rda0KT982fmq8XlVaYgAURu8u-Pm9VUr6fSBvbibeEkBdrEfslxV9V2IxaNVbsPaEmPHN1Dh/s320/egyptian-gods.jpg" height="400" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-size: large;">A</span></span>lthough Egyptian civilisation is at least seven thousand years old, a unified Egyptian civilisation with urban centers and a central authority emerged in Egypt with the coming of the Pharaohs beginning with the scorpion king Narmer/ Nirmer/ Naram- Ara of Sumerian origin. The Scorpion gods were warrior gods in Sumeria and it is a mark of respect to regard a great warrior king as one.<br />
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This movement into the Nile Valley may have coincided with the end of the Uruk period that in turn coincided with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piora_oscillation" title="Piora oscillation">Piora
oscillation</a>, a dry period<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that began
in c. 3200 BCE and ended in 2900 BCE that marked the end of a long wetter, warmer
climate period from about 9,000 to 5,000 years ago, called the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_climatic_optimum" title="Holocene climatic optimum">Holocene climatic optimum</a>. <br />
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A prehistoric flint knife, with a handle carved from the tooth of a hippopotamus, in the possession of Louvre and found at Gebel el Arak near Nag Hamâdi depicts a scene from the conquest. On one side of the handle is a battle-scene including some remarkable representations of ancient boats. Many of the warriors are nude with the exception of a loin girdle, but, while one set of combatants have shaven heads or short hair, the others have abundant locks falling in a thick mass upon the shoulder. The nude warriors are obviously of local African origin. It displays the wisdom of the conquerors in utilizing locals for their campaigns. On the other face of the handle is carved a hunting scene. In the upper field is a remarkable group, consisting of a personage struggling with two lions arranged symmetrically. The rest of the composition is not very unlike other examples of prehistoric Egyptian carving in low relief, but here attitude, figure, and clothing are un-Egyptian. The hero wears a turban on his abundant hair, and a full and rounded beard descends upon his breast. A long garment clothes him from the waist and falls below the knees, his muscular calves ending in the claws of a bird of prey. There is no doubt that the heroic personage is represented in the familiar attitude of the Babylonian hero Gilgamesh struggling with lions, a favorite subject of early Sumerian and Babylonian seals. His garment is Sumerian rather than Egyptian. The design itself is unmistakably of Mesopotamian origin. There was no physical barrier to the use of the river-route from Mesopotamia into Syria and of the tracks thence southward along the land bridge to the Nile's delta.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyaMBVPlFHuZ8s24f3WpUa_G0wIvbeEUGlW74VM3AQDQpNwmhvgXI2PI_cHwWD2i_g5a4JwbFmtxSBGwVCI_ejUbe8N8LuABbAGQhBlfuaF9WCCetuzPk1eQHpl-m93g1suXsw/s1600/Egypt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyaMBVPlFHuZ8s24f3WpUa_G0wIvbeEUGlW74VM3AQDQpNwmhvgXI2PI_cHwWD2i_g5a4JwbFmtxSBGwVCI_ejUbe8N8LuABbAGQhBlfuaF9WCCetuzPk1eQHpl-m93g1suXsw/s320/Egypt.jpg" height="320" width="269" /></a>After the conquest Nirmer appears to have returned to to his homeland leaving his son Menes in charge of the new kingdom with assistance of Priests and soldiers. Menes unified the scattered communities of the entire Nile Valley. There he established the First Egyptian Dynasty with an Uruk period Sumerian civilization. The unified state led to the development of writing, the start of large scale construction and the venturing out from the Nile Valley to trade. The most remarkable evidence of cultural connection is shown in the architecture of Early Dynastic tombs of Egypt and Mesopotamian seal-impressions showing exactly similar buildings. A problem that early Sumerian ruling class faced upon arrival in Egypt was the different, even contrary religious beliefs. Egyptians glorified the floods whereas the Sumerian dreaded it because of their religious records of the deluge that had originally flooded their homeland and beautiful cities perhaps on the western coast of India leading to their exodus. However the Sumerians soon assimilated everything useful they found in the new lands and thus developed their culture even further.</div>
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Unlike the colonists of eighteenth century the Sumerians arrived in any new territory with the intention of making it their home and progressed from strength to strength as they marched westwards. However the Nile valley was the limit of their expansion since their were no other great rivers flowing through vast arid plains to the west of the Nile.</div>
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Who was the Frist Egyptian Pharao</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnrSt5h_Jji-yqCpHhIv4jH_qlakXyW5GnxGmuouyl8CF-HP1GVXqK39Oe9Meo8QoGvO6t_SVoDL1T_YtP4W4BJyMgjxZ5VUWop4cGVizuvTF8T1A-MiiT539zEG-IcYdFPvPj/s1600/PaletteOfNarmer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnrSt5h_Jji-yqCpHhIv4jH_qlakXyW5GnxGmuouyl8CF-HP1GVXqK39Oe9Meo8QoGvO6t_SVoDL1T_YtP4W4BJyMgjxZ5VUWop4cGVizuvTF8T1A-MiiT539zEG-IcYdFPvPj/s320/PaletteOfNarmer.jpg" height="320" width="210" /></a></div>
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There is considerable confusion amongst scholars as to who the first
Egyptian Pharaoh was, who ruled over all of Egypt
from his capital at Memphis.
According to the kings list made a thousand years after his time, his name was
Men, Meni or Mena. The reason for using different vowels is because in Egyptian
writing vowels are not written (as at times in Arabic) and these have to be
guessed. The Greek historian Mantheo of 200 BC who was known for developing
meticulous historical records, called him Menes in Greek. That is the most
popular way Mene is mentioned in modern literature. This pharaoh is the
legendary king that came from the town of Tinis in Upper Egypt and took over
Lower Egypt (the North) by force. He then became the first king over the whole
country and founded a new capital for united Egypt
- Memphis, just
where the two states bordered on each other. According to archaeological dating
this was around 3200 BC. For thousands of years, King Menes was thought to be
the first king of Egypt.
Ancient Egyptian records clearly identify him as the first king of the first
dynasty.</div>
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However since then much else has been discovered by archeological findings
that have led to some confusion. In the last decade of the 1900s the old royal
tombs in Abydos
were re-excavated. Two seal impressions were found from the tombs of Den and
Qaa, the fifth and eighth ruler of the first dynasty. The motif was a line of
kings in a successive order, and both had Narmer as the founder of the first
dynasty. This record should be an authentic one since it comes from a time much
before Menthos or even the Kings list. Most of all, it was prepared by the
descendents of Narmer himself. Some scholars postulated that Menes and Narmer
may be the same person. Was it really so? The matter requires further enquiry.
The seal impressions of Den and Qaa describe the kings of the first dynasty as:</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Narmer,</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Aha,</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Djer,</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Djet,</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Den</i></span></div>
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Thus it is clear that Aha was the son and successor of Narmer. King Aha, on
the other hand, was the first pharaoh who built monuments of substance over the
whole country, and his large tomb constructions (with buried retainers for the
first time) were in dimensions that far overshadowed his predecessors including
Narmer his father. He has also left a written sign interpreted as the name
"Mene" written beside his ordinary name on one occasion. This at once
indicates that he is the same as king Mene (or its Greek form Menes). Thus
available evidence indicates that it was Aha and Menes who were one and the
same person and not Narmer and Menes.</div>
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Confusion may have arisen in interpreting historic records because both
Narmer (Also known popularly as the scorpion King) and Menes together united
Upper and Lower Egypt. The credit of
unification would go to Narmer as the father and this is indeed supported by a
later archeological find the -Narmer Palette. Menes or Aha on the other hand
was the first king to build substantial monuments in Egypt and may have been regarded by
many as the first real Pharaoh of Egypt, thus leading to the confusion.</div>
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Narmer's Palette found at the temple
of Hierakonpolis shows
that behind the king is his sandal-bearer, a high dignitary, possibly his son,
who is identified by a rosette (seven petalled) the divine or royal emblem.
This son is likely to be the legendary Menes who accompanied Narmer in the
conquests. Both may have ruled different parts of Egypt
together for a period after the conquest with the younger Menes focusing more
on the building of a new Capital at Memphis.
Thus it may be concluded that Narmer was the first king of united Egypt and his son Menes the first king that
ruled over all of Egypt from
Memphis. After
the establishment of dynastic rule in Egypt,
the villages of Egypt
were transformed from members of a loosely organized society in which
autonomous chieftains and merchants played the most significant roles, to one
under the centralized control of an imperial king.</div>
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The kings list of later dynasties appears to have focused on listing the
kings of Memphis
and thus correctly listed Menes as the first king to rule from that capital,
ignoring the father who affected the unification. The second dynasty of Egypt had
different roots from the first one. When they came to power they replaced the
falcon symbol of the first dynasty by the symbol of a dog. The descendents of
Narmer himself would not however ignore their ancestor in developing their own
list of kings and listed Narmer as the first king.<br />
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<i>Published earlier by author at Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/314530</i></div>
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Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34380225.post-1159169324880727542006-10-25T00:25:00.000-07:002014-08-20T10:32:17.403-07:00Mesopotamia<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MZLcctgZZjm8AdwI0nwegouEQjcE522FrdueswtRisXcEQjT2xkaHUI8zavdFK6CMT4jC2OkiNDFz0mH-9KFtmnWA9ndL_QM9kBnyvKYxjs7EcoXeLVHHqvTKDX-2CYgRIg9/s1600/civilisation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MZLcctgZZjm8AdwI0nwegouEQjcE522FrdueswtRisXcEQjT2xkaHUI8zavdFK6CMT4jC2OkiNDFz0mH-9KFtmnWA9ndL_QM9kBnyvKYxjs7EcoXeLVHHqvTKDX-2CYgRIg9/s1600/civilisation.jpg" height="274" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spread of Civilisation in the ancient World</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: large;">T</span></span>he Indus valley people began moving towards Sumer as early as 3200 BC and established their first settlements in ancient Sumer. They spoke the language of their forefathers. It was a completely different language from that of local populations of the area. Ancient Sumerian language is different from other languages of the area such as Hebrew, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian and Aramaic, which are Semitic languages, and Elamite a non-Semitic tribal language of the area with African connections. However, as the ruling class, the colonizers made Sumerian the official language. The local population continued to use Akkadian language. </div>
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Whenever an official language differs from a local one, it is a clear indication that the rulers are of foreign origin. It is surprising that ancient historians on earth have not used this as a clue to tracing the origin of the people who brought civilization to Mesopotamia. The extent of the civilized world around 3000 BC lies in a belt extending from the Nile valley to the Indus valley. Since ancient Sumerian is completely different from the local languages around Mesopotamia, it is not difficult to guess where these new colonizers had come from. Their language was different from that of Nile Valley as well. However, since it was the Sumerians who established civilization in the Nile Valley too, some of their vocabulary did enter Egypt and continues to be used till today, as for example the word Khet for an agricultural holding. By the time Sumerians reached the Nile valley they had no need to establish Sumerian as the official language of Nile valley since they had become familiar with local languages of the area. As intermarriages between local Akkadians and ruling Sumerians increased, Sumerian was replaced by Akkadian as a spoken language around 2000 BC. Nevertheless, it continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial and scientific language in Mesopotamia until about 1 AD. From the beginning of the second millennium, Babylonians and Assyrians maintained and utilized the extinct Sumerian language in much the same way that ancient Greek and Latin are used for artistic, religious and scholarly purposes today.</div>
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Although the Sumerian language is not an Indo-Aryan language it uses the root system for developing words. This was later adapted by Indo-Aryans in the development of Sanskrit in the Indus Valley. The use of Sumerian language began first in southern Mesopotamia and spread northwards indicating from which direction Indus people arrive in Mesopotamia. Ancient scribes have provided equivalence between Sumerian and Akkadian words and these can be employed to advantage by historians struggling to decipher the Indus Script. So far they have been looking elsewhere trying to establish its equivalence with Dravidian or Indo-European languages and failed. The Indus language was replaced by Indo-Aryan languages in the Indus valley as in much of the old world with the arrival of Aryans. Some of the words of the Indus-Sumerian language however continue to persist in local dialects till today.</div>
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<i>Map from <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spread_of_Oecumene_Mesopotamia.jpg">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spread_of_Oecumene_Mesopotamia.jpg</a>
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Alike 3.0 Unported</a> license. The image has been modified before use here.</i></div>
<i>
</i> Ashok http://www.blogger.com/profile/13678997673056672234noreply@blogger.com2